Studi in vitro dan in silico: potensi antibakteri ekstrak etanol 70% batang leilem (Clerodendrum minahassae Teijsm. & Binn.)

Sembor, Jibryl Vije (2024) Studi in vitro dan in silico: potensi antibakteri ekstrak etanol 70% batang leilem (Clerodendrum minahassae Teijsm. & Binn.). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Penyakit infeksi hingga saat ini masih menjadi masalah besar bagi negara-negara berkembang. Bakteri menjadi salah satu penyebab utama terjadinya penyakit infeksi. Salah satu cara mengatasi penyakit infeksi adalah dengan menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri menggunakan senyawa antibakteri. Salah satu mekanisme antibakteri adalah menghambat metabolisme asam folat. Beberapa senyawa golongan flavonoid mampu untuk menghambat sintesis DNA bakteri dengan mengganggu pembentukan asam folat melalui penghambatan enzim dihidropteroate sintase (DHPS), dan dihidrofolat reduktase (DHFR). Senyawa golongan flavonoid dapat diperoleh dari tanaman. Penelitian terhadap Leilem (C. minahassae), tanaman yang umum di Sulawesi Utara, menunjukkan potensi antibakteri yang signifikan. Pengujian in vitro menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan dengan nilai MIC untuk bakteri S. aureus. L. monocytogenes dan E. coli mempunyai nilai MIC >1000ppm. Hasil uji ANOVA dua arah menunjukan adanya perbedaan signifikan antara persentase penghambatan ekstrak dengan konsentrasi penghambatan paling baik adalah 1.000 ppm serta menunjukan adanya perbedaan signifikan antara persentase penghambatan bakteri E. coli, terhadap S. aureus dan L. monocytogenes. Penelitian lebih lanjut dengan metode in silico menggunakan molecular docking menunjukkan bahwa senyawa hasil analisis LC-MS seperti rhein-8-glukosida, hispidulin dan secoisolariciresinol memiliki potensi sebagai inhibitor DHFR dan DHPS pada bakteri E. coli dan S. aureus, dengan nilai energi ikatan yang menjanjikan./ Infectious diseases are still a major problem for developing countries. Bacteria are one of the main causes of infectious diseases. One way to overcome infectious diseases is to inhibit bacterial growth using antibacterial compounds. One of the antibacterial mechanisms is to inhibit folic acid metabolism. Some flavonoid compounds are able to inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis by interfering with the formation of folic acid through inhibition of the enzymes dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS), and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Flavonoid class compounds can be obtained from plants. Research on Leilem (C. minahassae), a common plant in North Sulawesi, showed significant antibacterial potential. In vitro testing showed inhibitory activity with MIC values for bacteria S. aureus. L. monocytogenes and E. coli had MIC values >1000ppm. The results of the two-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference between the percentage of inhibition of extracts with the best inhibitory concentration was 1,000 ppm and showed a significant difference between the percentage of inhibition of E. coli bacteria, against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes. Further research with in silico method using molecular docking showed that compounds from LC-MS analysis such as rhein-8-glucoside, hispidulin and secoisolariciresinol have potential as DHFR and DHPS inhibitors in E. coli and S. aureus bacteria, with promising binding energy values.

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