Optimasi formula dan uji aktivitas antibakteri sediaan acne patch ekstrak etanol daun ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes = Formula optimization and antibacterial activity test of acne patch preparation with ethanol extract of ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa L.) against Propionibacterium acnes

Susanto, Kesia (2024) Optimasi formula dan uji aktivitas antibakteri sediaan acne patch ekstrak etanol daun ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes = Formula optimization and antibacterial activity test of acne patch preparation with ethanol extract of ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa L.) against Propionibacterium acnes. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Polusi udara di Indonesia berperan dalam penyakit kulit seperti jerawat. Penyebab utama peradangan jerawat adalah bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Salah satu terapi jerawat secara topikal yang paling praktis adalah acne patch dengan bentuk sediaan TDDS yang melibatkan penggunaan polimer dan mengandung bahan aktif dengan sifat antibakteri dengan target utama membantu penyembuhan peradangan jerawat tipe papulopustular. Tanaman ketapang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri karena mengandung flavon, flavonol, fenol, tanin, dan triterpensterol. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan pelarut etanol 70% dan ditentukan MIC menggunakan metode mikrodilusi. Ekstrak digunakan dalam 5 formula acne patch dengan polimer PVP dan HPMC yang bervariasi. Optimasi dilakukan pada polimer PVP dan HPMC dengan Simplex Lattice Design untuk mendapatkan sediaan dengan sifat fisik yang optimal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan MIC ekstrak daun ketapang sebesar 12.500 ppm. Formula optimum acne patch ekstrak daun ketapang diperoleh perbanding PVP:HPMC yaitu 4,4:2,6% dengan nilai desirability 0,820. Evaluasi sediaan optimum diperoleh pH sebesar 4,89±0,006; keseragaman bobot sebesar 1,7860±0,608%; ketebalan sebesar 0,76±0,007 mm; ketahanan lipatan sebesar >400 lipatan; dan daya serap kelembapan sebesar 9,7655±0,171 %. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa sediaan acne patch ekstrak daun ketapang mampu menghambat bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dengan kategori sangat kuat (diameter zona hambat 20,64±1,863 mm). / Air pollution in Indonesia plays a role in skin diseases such as acne. The main cause of acne inflammation is Propionibacterium acnes. One of the most practical topical acne therapies is the acne patch with TDDS dosage form which involves the use of polymers that contains antibacterial active ingredients with the main target of helping heal papulopustular type acne inflammation. Ketapang plants have antibacterial activity because they contain flavones, flavonols, phenols, tannins, and triterpensterols. Extraction using 70% ethanol and MIC is determined using microdilution method. The extract was used in 5 acne patch formulas with varying PVP and HPMC polymers. Optimization was performed on PVP and HPMC polymers with Simplex Lattice Design to obtain preparations with optimal physical properties. The results showed the MIC of ketapang leaf extract was 12,500 ppm. The optimum acne patch formula was obtained by PVP:HPMC ratio of 4.4:2.6% with 0,820 desirability value. Evaluation of the optimum preparation obtained pH of 4.89±0.006; weight uniformity of 1.7860±0.608%; thickness of 0.76±0.007 mm; fold resistance of >400 folds; and moisture absorption of 9.7655±0.171%. The results of the antibacterial activity test showed that the acne patch preparation of ketapang leaf extract was able to inhibit Propionibacterium acnes bacteria with a very strong category (inhibition zone diameter of 20.64±1.863 mm).

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