Hubungan antara jumlah komorbid dengan mortalitas pasien COVID-19 di Instalasi Rawat Intensif Rumah Sakit Siloam Kelapa Dua

Amalia, Ayu Irviani Ukhti (2024) Hubungan antara jumlah komorbid dengan mortalitas pasien COVID-19 di Instalasi Rawat Intensif Rumah Sakit Siloam Kelapa Dua. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang: COVID-19 merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang menyebabkan penyakit pernapasan akut yang parah pada manusia yang terdeteksi pertama kali pada tahun2019.Virus yang menyebabkan COVID-19 di namakan Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), dan World Health Organization menamai virus ini dengan New Epidemic Disease Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Coronavirus sendiri merupakan salah satu patogen terbesar yang menyerang sistem pernapasan manusia. Coronavirus sendirimerupakan virus yang dapat menimbulkan gejala ringan hingga berat, namun terdapat beberapa kasus yang timbul tanpa gejala. Coronavirus yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit dengan gejala berat adalah jenis Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) dan jenis SevereAcute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Virus COVID-19 dapat di transmisikan melalui inhalasi atau kontak langsung dengan droplets yang terinfeksi. Virus COVID-19 sendiri memiliki masa inkubasi sekitar 2 hingga 14 hari.Komorbid merupakan penyakit penyerta yang timbul sebelum atau bersamaan dengan penyakit utama. Komorbid yang memiliki hubungan erat dengan penderita COVID-19 ialah Diabetes, Penyakit Paru Obstruksi Kronik (PPOK), Penyakit Kardiovaskular, Hipertensi, Penyakit Ginjal Kronik, Malignancy (Tumoratau Kanker), dan HIV. Kasus COVID- 19 dengan komorbid merupakan salah satu kegawatan, dimana kasus kematian atau angka kematian pasien COVID-19dengan komorbid atau penyakit penyerta cukup tinggi. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara jumlah komorbiddengan mortalitas pasien COVID-19 di Instalasi Rawat Intensif Rumah Sakit Siloam Kelapa Dua. Hipotesis: Mortalitas COVID-19 dipengaruhi oleh jumlah komorbid pada individu terinfeksiCOVID-19. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan penelitian analitik dengan studi potong lintang untuk mencari hubungan antara jumlah komorbid dengan mortalitas pada pasien COVID- 19. Untuk mendapatkan jumlah komorbid dan mortalitas pasien, akan dibutuhkan rekam medis yang akan diambil dari Rumah Sakit Siloam Kelapa Dua. Penelitian ini akan melihat prevalensi dari mortalitas pasien dengan jumlah komorbid yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengambilan sampel non-probability purpose fixed disease sampling dan data yang akan digunakan peneliti adalah pengambilan data melalui rekam medis pasiendi Instalasi Rawat Intensif Rumah Sakit Siloam Kelapa Dua yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi daneksklusi yang ditentukan oleh peneliti. / Background: COVID-19 is a health problem that causes severe acute respiratory disease in humans which was detected for the first time in 2019. The virus that causes COVID-19 is called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2), and The World Health Organization named this virus the New Epidemic Disease Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Coronavirus itself is one of the biggest pathogens that attack the human respiratory system. Coronavirus itself is a virus that can cause mild to severe symptoms, but there are some cases that appear asymptomatic. Coronaviruses that can cause disease with severe symptoms are the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) types. TheCOVID-19 virus can be transmitted through inhalation or direct contact with infected droplets. The COVID-19 virus itself has an incubation period of around 2 to 14 days. Co-morbidities are co-morbidities that occur before or concurrently with the main disease. Comorbidities that have aclose relationship with COVID-19 sufferers include Diabetes, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Cardiovascular Disease, Hypertension, Chronic Kidney Disease, Malignancy (Tumor or Cancer), and HIV. Cases of COVID-19 with comorbidities are an emergency, where cases of death or the death rate of COVID-19 patients with comorbidities or comorbidities are quite high. Research Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship between the number of comorbidities and the mortality of COVID-19 patients at the Siloam Kelapa Dua Hospital Intensive Care Installation. Hypothesis: The COVID-19 mortalityis influenced by the number of comorbidities in individualsinfected with COVID-19 Methods: This research was conducted using an analytical study with a cross-sectional study to find a relationship between the number of comorbidities and the mortality in COVID-19 patients.To obtain the number of comorbidities and the patient's mortality rate, medical records will be required which will be taken from Siloam Kelapa Dua Hospital. This study will look at the prevalence of patient mortalitywith the number of comorbidities they have. This study used a non- probability purpose fixed disease sampling method and the data to be used by researchers was datacollection through medical records of patients at the Siloam Kelapa Dua Hospital Intensive Care Installation who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria determined by the researcher.

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