Uji potensi sintesis bakteriosin dari bakteri asam laktat asal usus babi untuk menjaga kesehatan ternak babi = The potency of lactic acid bacteria from pig intestine to synthesise bacteriocin for maintaining pig health

Suak, Cheerily Gratify Monica (2024) Uji potensi sintesis bakteriosin dari bakteri asam laktat asal usus babi untuk menjaga kesehatan ternak babi = The potency of lactic acid bacteria from pig intestine to synthesise bacteriocin for maintaining pig health. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Penggunaan antibiotik sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan ternak telah menimbulkan kekhawatiran mengenai adanya residu antibiotik yang tertinggal dalam produk daging seperti daging babi. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan konsumen daging babi secara tidak sengaja mengkonsumsi antibiotik, sehingga resiko resistensi antibiotik meningkat. Oleh sebab itu, saat ini penggunaan probiotik sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan ternak lebih digemari. Hal ini khususnya dikarenakan beberapa probiotik diketahui dapat menghasilkan senyawa antibakteri, seperti bakteriosin, yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan patogen. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan uji potensi sintesis bakteriosin oleh bakteri asam laktat asal usus babi untuk menjaga kesehatan ternak babi. Bakteriosin adalah sejenis peptida antimikroba yang disintesis di ribosom oleh bakteri. Bakteri asam laktat (BAL) telah dilaporkan sebagai agen probiotik yang dapat memproduksi senyawa antibakteri seperti bakteriosin. Bakteriosin dapat membunuh atau menghambat strain bakteri yang terkait atau tidak terkait dengan bakteri penghasil, tetapi tidak akan membahayakan bakteri itu sendiri. Produksi bakteriosin dari bakteri asam laktat ini dipengaruhi oleh beberapa kondisi seperti jenis media, pH awal media, dan suhu inkubasi. Dua isolat BAL yang diteliti potensi sintesis bakteriosinnya adalah L. plantarum A22 dan E. hirae D39. Uji potensi ini dilakukan dengan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dan pengukuran berat molekul bakteriosin. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa L. plantarum A22 dan E. hirae D39 dapat memproduksi senyawa antibakteri dengan optimum pada media SGSL, pH 6.0, dan pada suhu 37ºC. Kedua isolat dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen Eschericia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Bacillus cereus. Hasil karakterisasi berat molekul menunjukkan bahwa L. plantarum A22 dan E. hirae D39 belum dapat memproduksi bakteriosin, sehingga aktivitas antibakteri yang dihasilkan berasal dari senyawa non-protein yang dimiliki oleh kedua isolat./The use of antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock has raised concerns regarding the presence of antibiotic residues in meat products, such as pork. This can lead to consumers unintentionally ingesting antibiotics, thereby increasing the risk of antibiotic resistance. Consequently, the use of probiotics as growth promoters in livestock is becoming more popular. This preference is particularly due to the fact that some probiotics are known to produce antibacterial compounds, such as bacteriocins, which can inhibit the growth of pathogens. In this study, the potential for bacteriocin synthesis by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from pig intestines was tested to maintain pig health. Bacteriocin is a type of antimicrobial peptide that is synthesized in ribosomes by bacteria. Bacteriocins can kill or inhibit bacterial strains related or unrelated to the producing bacteria but will not harm the bacteria themselves. The production of bacteriocins from these lactic acid bacteria is influenced by several conditions such as the type of growth medium, the initial pH of the medium, and the incubation temperature. Two LAB isolates whose bacteriocin synthesis potential was investigated are L. plantarum A22 and E. hirae D39. This potential was tested by evaluating antibacterial activity and measuring the molecular weight of the bacteriocins. The results indicated that L. plantarum A22 and E. hirae D39 could produce antibacterial compounds optimally in SGSL medium at pH 6.0 and at a temperature of 37°C. Both isolates were able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. Molecular weight characterization did not show that L. plantarum A22 and E. hirae D39 produced bacteriocins, suggesting that the antibacterial activity observed originated from non-protein compounds possessed by both isolates.

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