Pengaruh Pola Pemberian MPASI Terhadap Stunting pada Bayi Usia 12-24 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Gembong

Natalia, Maysa Lola (2024) Pengaruh Pola Pemberian MPASI Terhadap Stunting pada Bayi Usia 12-24 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Gembong. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang : Prevalensi balita stunting di dunia menurut WHO pada tahun 2020 sebanyak 22% atau sekitar 149,2 juta balita. Salah satu faktor penyebab stunting adalah asupan yang tidak cukup atau makanan yang kurang kandungan nutrisi untuk menunjang pertumbuhan. Pola pemberian Makanan pendamping ASI (MPASI) adalah makanan yang diberikan kepada bayi selama periode pemberian makanan peralihan yang meliputi keragaman, frekuensi dan jumlah. Telah dilaporkan penelitian sebelumnya adanya hubungan yang signifikan mengenai pola pemberian MPASI meliputi keragaman MPASI dan frekuensi MPASI dengan kejadian stunting, namun belum banyak diteliti mengenai jumlah MPASI sebagai parameter baru terhadap kejadian stunting. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pola pemberian MPASI terhadap stunting pada bayi usia 12 – 24 bulan. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi analitik potong lintang. Responden penelitian diambil dengan teknik consecutive sampling berjumlah 156 responden yang merupakan bayi berusia 12-24 bulan yang datang berkunjung ke Puskesmas Gembong. Kriteria inklusi dari penelitian ini adalah bayi yang diasuh langsung oleh ibunya dan bayi dengan rentang usia 12-24 bulan. Kriteria eksklusi yaitu bayi yang memiliki riwayat berat badan lahir rendah. Pola pemberian MPASI diambil dengan menggunakan instrumen Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) dengan wawancara langsung terhadap ibunya. Pengukuran stunting diukur dengan, panduan umum Growth Chart WHO. Data stunting tersebut diolah dengan SPSS 25.0 dan secara statistik diuji dengan Chi Square dengan derajat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil : Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapati nilai p= 0,006 pada keragaman MPASI, nilai p= 0,082 pada frekuensi MPASI, dan nilai p= 0,096 pada jumlah MPASI. Kesimpulan : Terdapat hasil yang signifikan antara keragaman pemberian MPASI dan hasil yang tidak signifikan antara frekuensi dan jumlah MPASI terhadap stunting pada bayi usia 12 – 24 bulan di wilayah kerja puskesmas Gembong. Kata Kunci : Stunting, Pola pemberian MPASI, Bayi usia 12 – 24 bulan. Background : The prevalence of stunted toddlers in the world according to WHO in 2020 was 22% or around 149.2 million toddlers. One of the factors causing stunting is insufficient intake or food that lacks nutritional content to support growth. The pattern of giving complementary breast milk (MPASI) is the food given to babies during the transitional feeding period which includes diversity, frequency and quantity. Previous research has reported that there is a significant relationship regarding the pattern of complementary feeding including the diversity of MPASI and the frequency of MPASI with the incidence of stunting, but not much research has been done regarding the amount of MPASI as a new parameter for the incidence of stunting. Aim : To determine the effect of the pattern of providing complementary on stunting in infants aged 12-24 months. Method : This study uses a cross-sectional analytic study design. The research respondents were selected using a consecutive sampling technique, and the research sample consisted of 126 babies aged 12 – 24 months whoo visited the Gembong Community Helath Center between Januari and April 2023. The inclusion criteria for this study included babies who were directly cared for by their mothers, babies age 12-24 months, and mothers willing to participate. Meanwhile, the exclusion criteria were babies with a history of low birth weight, certain food allergies, and infection. Data were collected using the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) instrument through direct interviews to examine patterns of complementary feeding, measurements using anthropometric tools, and general guidelines from the WHO Growth Chart for determining stunting. The data were then analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and the Chi-Square test. Results : Based on the results of the study, it was found that the value of diversity of complementary food is p= 0,006, the value of frequency of complementary food is p=0,082 and the value of amount of complementary food is p=0,096. Conclusion : There were significant result regarding the effect of Diveristy in Complemtary Food feeding and no significant result of the frequency and amount of Complementary Food feeding patterns on stunting in babies aged 12-24 months in the Gembong health center working area. Keywords : Stunting, Patterns of giving Complementary Food, Babies 12 – 24 months.

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