Strategi Indonesia dalam menghadapi kontestasi di kawasan Indo-Pasifik melalui kerangka regional ASEAN

Tampubolon, Danner Jordan (2024) Strategi Indonesia dalam menghadapi kontestasi di kawasan Indo-Pasifik melalui kerangka regional ASEAN. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

The Indo-Pacific region has become a strategic area and is of concern to many countries because the formation of regional architecture and interactions between countries create contestation between major powers in the region. Indonesia faces these problems not alone but uses ASEAN to face contestation in the Indo-Pacific region. The research question is to find out why Indonesia uses the ASEAN regional platform to face contestation in the Indo-Pacific region. This research uses arguments derived from the logic of neorealism theory in international relations. The results of this study found by the author are the instrumentalization of ASEAN carried out by Indonesia consistently as a form of response and attitude through its foreign policy in facing the pressure of contestation in the Indo-Pacific region. Indonesia's leadership role and contribution through ASEAN are reflected in the realization of the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific and its implementation results in the form of the ASEAN Indo-Pacific Forum, which is successful and supported by other major countries. So that the conclusion of this research and the results of these findings support the author's finding three reasons for Indonesia to use the ASEAN regional framework to face power contestation in the Indo-Pacific region: First, ASEAN becomes a bargaining power for Indonesia in the Indo-Pacific region; second, ASEAN becomes a catalyst for Indonesia in facing the pressure of contestation in the region; and third, ASEAN becomes a forum to maintain a balance of power against major countries in the Indo-Pacific region. / Kawasan Indo-Pasifik menjadi kawasan strategis dan menjadi perhatian banyak negara karena pembentukan arsitektur kawasan dan interaksi antar negara menciptakan kontestasi antar kekuatan negara besar di kawasan. Indonesia menghadapi permasalahan tersebut tidaklah sendiri tetapi menggunakan ASEAN untuk menghadapi kontestasi di kawasan Indo-Pasifik. Pertanyaan penelitian ini yaitu mencari alasan Indonesia menggunakan platform regional ASEAN dalam menghadapi kontestasi di kawasan Indo-Pasifik. Penelitian ini menggunakan argumen yang diturunkan dari logika teori neorealisme dalam Hubungan Internasional. Hasil penelitian ini yang ditemukan penulis yaitu Instrumentalisasi ASEAN yang dilakukan oleh Indonesia secara konsisten sebagai bentuk respons dan sikapnya melalui kebijakan luar negerinya dalam menghadapi tekanan kontestasi di kawasan Indo-Pasifik. Peran kepemimpinan dan kontribusi Indonesia melalui ASEAN tercermin dari terwujudnya ASEAN Outlook on Indo-Pacific dan hasil implementasinya berupa ASEAN Indo-Pacific Forum yang berhasil dan di dukung oleh negara besar lainnya. Sehingga kesimpulan penelitian ini, dari hasil temuan tersebut mendukung penulis untuk menemukan tiga alasan Indonesia menggunakan kerangka regional ASEAN untuk menghadapi kontestasi kekuatan di kawasan Indo-Pasifik: Pertama, ASEAN menjadi Bargaining Power bagi Indonesia di kawasan Indo-Pasifik; Kedua, ASEAN menjadi katalisator bagi Indonesia dalam menghadapi tekanan kontestasi di kawasan; dan ketiga, ASEAN menjadi wadah untuk menjaga keseimbangan kekuatan atau Balance of Power terhadap negara besar di kawasan Indo-Pasifik.

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