Implementasi kebijakan penenggelaman kapal asing pemerintah Indonesia dalam mengatasi illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing di Asia Tenggara (2014-2018) = The implementation of Indonesia's sink the vessel policy in combating illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing in Southeast Asia (2014-2018)

Mosqueda, Nadya Felicia (2020) Implementasi kebijakan penenggelaman kapal asing pemerintah Indonesia dalam mengatasi illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing di Asia Tenggara (2014-2018) = The implementation of Indonesia's sink the vessel policy in combating illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing in Southeast Asia (2014-2018). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Selama bertahun-tahun isu illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing marak terjadi di perairan Indonesia. Kekayaan dan potensi sumber daya yang seharusnya memberikan kesejahteraan bagi rakyat, menjadi incaran eksploitasi dan malah dinikmati pihak asing. Kebijakan penenggelaman kapal asing hadir menjadi dobrakan dalam memberikan efek jera terhadap setiap pelaku IUU fishing, yang mengancam kedaulatan negara. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, teori dan konsep relevan dalam hubungan internasional, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis latar belakang, proses implementasi, dan hasil yang telah dicapai melalui penerapan kebijakan ini. Yang menjadi latar belakang bagi pemerintah Indonesia menerapkan kebijakan ini adalah visi Jokowi menjadikan Indonesia sebagai poros maritim dunia. Pemerintah Indonesia berupaya melindungi sumber daya alam yang dimiliki dari eksploitasi asing, sesuai dengan perspektif realis. Kebijakan ini berada di bawah UU No. 45 Tahun 2009 dan secara internasional diatur dalam Pasal 3 UNCLOS 1982. Namun, dalam penerapannya Indonesia mendapatkan berbagai respon dan kritikan keras dari negara yang terlibat, khususnya Thailand dan Vietnam. Sayangnya kebijakan ini kurang memberikan efek yang jera, mengingat angka IUU fishing masih terus meningkat. Dengan demikian proses penegakkan hukum harus lebih tegas lagi, dimana sumber daya yang dimiliki terlindungi sehingga mendukung pencapaian kepentingan nasional Indonesia. / Over the years, illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is said to be rampant. Initially designed to provide welfare for the people, marine potential became a target of exploitation and were instead enjoyed by foreign parties. Sink the vessel is part of an effort to give a deterrence effect to perpetrators of IUU fishing, which threatens one state’s sovereignty. This research uses the qualitative method, relevant theory and concepts in international relations, aiming to examine the background, process as well as results attained from policy’s implementation. The reason behind the implementation of sink the vessel policy is Jokowi’s Global Maritime Fulcrum. From the realist perspective, Indonesia’s government attempts to protect its resources from exploitation. This policy is regulated under Law No. 45 of 2009 on Fisheries and internationally permitted under the UNCLOS 1982 Article 3. However, Indonesia has received many responses and critiques from related states, especially Thailand and Vietnam. Ironically, this implementation does not give enough deterrent effect to its perpetrators, yet shows an escalation to IUU fishing activities. In addition, there is a need for firmer law enforcement, where Indonesia can protect its own interests. Thus, Indonesia can fulfill its national interest by protecting the resources.

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