Analisis kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat : studi kasus pemindahan kedutaan besar Amerika Serikat dari Tel Aviv ke Yerusalem

Felicia, Felicia (2020) Analisis kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat : studi kasus pemindahan kedutaan besar Amerika Serikat dari Tel Aviv ke Yerusalem. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

US Embassy relocation from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem was implemented under the administration of President Donald Trump. This policy is an implementation of Congressional decision in 1995 which enactment has been postponed for 22 years. This study will examine the factors that contribute to the process of making US foreign policy through the relocation of the US Embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem and the reaction of the international community towards the policy. This study uses qualitative approach. The information available in this study is based on data derived from literature reviews, documents, journals, books and information from the mass media. The results of the interview with the lecturer and political expert in U.S studies was attached. Based on the results of the research found that the US policy was motivated by various interests ranging from the Trump’s interests and actors around him, the interests of Evangelical Christian groups, the interests of Israel through the Israeli lobby in the US government. The policy caused negative reactions from international community. The European Union, which was driven by commitment to world peace, "two state solution" and the interests of economic cooperation with the Arab League. As well as criticism from the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) which is motivated by the importance of continuity of Islam existence in Jerusalem, various historical elements that accompany it and the protection of Palestinian rights to determine its sovereignty in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Keywords : foreign policy, international politics, domestic politics, bilateral relations, interest groups, territorial, religion and political conflict. / Kebijakan pemindahan Kedutaan Besar AS dari Tel Aviv ke Yerusalem dilaksanakan dibawah Pemerintahan Presiden Donald Trump. Kebijakan ini merupakan implementasi keputusan Kongres pada tahun 1995 yang pelaksanaannya terus ditunda selama 22 tahun.. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji mengenai faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi dalam proses pengambilan kebijakan luar negeri AS melalui pemindahan Kedutaan Besar AS dari Tel Aviv ke Yerusalem serta reaksi masyarakat Internasional terhadap kebijakan AS tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Informasi yang tersedia dalam laporan ini berdasarkan data yang berasal dari kajian pustaka, dokumen, jurnal, buku dan informasi dari media massa. Adapun terlampir hasil wawancara dengan akademisi dan ahli politik Amerika Serikat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa kebijakan AS tersebut dilatarbelakangi berbagai kepentingan mulai dari kepentingan Trump dan aktor disekitarnya, kepentingan kelompok Kristen Evangelikal, kepentingan Israel melalui lobi Israel dalam pemerintahan AS. Kebijakan tersebut menimbulkan reaksi negatif berupa kecaman dan kritikan dari masyarakat Internasional yakni Uni Eropa yang didorong oleh komitmen terhadap perdamaian dunia, penegakan HAM dan upaya “two state solution” serta kepentingan kerjasama ekonomi dengan Liga Arab. Serta kritikan Organisasi Kerjasama Islam (OKI) yang dilatarbelakangi oleh kepentingan akan keberlangsungan eksistensi Islam di Yerusalem, berbagai unsur sejarah yang menyertainya dan perlindungan hak Palestina menentukan kedaulatannya dalam konflik Israel-Palestina.

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