Analisis Keamanan Kunci dan Kontrol Nirkabel dengan Software Defined Radio (SDR) = Analysis of Wireless Key and Control Security with Software Defied Radio (SDR)

Hartanto, Hadipranowo (2020) Analisis Keamanan Kunci dan Kontrol Nirkabel dengan Software Defined Radio (SDR) = Analysis of Wireless Key and Control Security with Software Defied Radio (SDR). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Tantangan terbesar sistem nirkabel adalah keamanan. Salah satu serangan terhadap sistem nirkabel adalah replay attack dengan menyimpan sinyal dan mengirimnya ulang. Untuk kunci pintu mobil dengan sistem remote keyless entry (RKE), mekanisme pertahanan yang biasa digunakan untuk menghadapi replay attack adalah rolling code, di mana kode enkripsi selalu berubah setiap kali kunci digunakan, sedangkan untuk keamanan drone menggunakan spread spectrum. Penelitian ini berusaha menguji efektivitas mekanisme keamanan sistem nirkabel terhadap replay attack menggunakan perangkat software defined radio (SDR). Selain replay attack, dilakukan juga demodulasi dan replikasi dengan mengekstrak paket data, lalu mengkonstruksi sinyal dari paket data tersebut untuk membuka sistem nirkabel. Ada 6 mobil yang diuji dari merk Suzuki, Honda, Toyota, Mazda, dan Ford dengan rentang tahun 2002-2017, serta 1 remote drone dari merk FlySky. Hasilnya replay attack berhasil 100% membuka semua mobil. Tiga dari enam mobil ditemukan tidak menggunakan rolling code dan akses penuh terhadap pintu mobil diambil hanya dengan satu kali replay attack. Tiga mobil lainnya menggunakan rolling code lebih aman daripada fixed code karena akses penuh terhadap pintu tidak bisa didapat dengan satu kali replay attack, tetapi bisa dibuka dengan memperbanyak pengulangan replay attack yang dilakukan. Serangan demodulasi dan replikasi dilakukan ke tiga mobil rolling code yang menggunakan modulasi FSK. Hasilnya menunjukkan 1 dari 3 mobil berhasil terbuka dengan demodulasi dan replikasi. Drone 100% tahan terhadap replay attack serta serangan demodulasi dan replikasi menggunakan SDR. Kelemahan utama kunci RKE mobil dibanding remote drone adalah bandwidth yang kecil. Dalam penelitian ini juga diusulkan praktik pengamanan bagi pengguna mobil untuk menghindari replay attack dengan SDR, serta rekomendansi untuk meningkatkan keamanan kunci pintu RKE mobil. / The biggest challenge of wireless systems is security. One form of attacks on wireless system is a replay attack by storing signals and sending them again. For car door locks with a remote keyless entry (RKE) system, the defense mechanism commonly used to deal with replay attacks is rolling code, where the encryption code always changes every time the key is used, whereas for drones security using spread spectrum. This study attempts to test the effectiveness of wireless system security mechanisms against replay attacks using software defined radio (SDR) devices. In addition to replay attacks, demodulation and replication are also carried out by extracting data packets, then constructing signals from the data packets to open the wireless system. There are 6 cars tested from Suzuki, Honda, Toyota, Mazda, and Ford brands in the range of 2002-2017, and 1 remote drone from the FlySky brand. The result was a 100% successful replay attack to open all cars. Three of six cars do not use rolling code and full access to the car door was taken with just one replay attack. The other three cars using rolling code are safer than fixed code because full access to the door cannot be obtained with a single replay attack, but can be opened by multiplying the repeated replay attack. Demodulation and replication attacks were carried out on three rolling code cars using FSK modulation. The results was 1 of 3 cars successfully opened with demodulation and replication. Drones are 100% resistant to replay attacks as well as demodulation and replication attacks using SDR. The main disadvantage of RKE cars compared to remote drones is the small bandwidth. This study also proposed security practices for car users to avoid replay attacks with SDR, as well as recommendations for improving the security of car RKE door locks.

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