Pengaruh memiliki anak dengan austism spectrum disorder terhadap tingkat stres orang tua = The impact of having children with asd (autism spectrum disorder) towards parental stress level

Mattani, Jason Jeremy Ali (2018) Pengaruh memiliki anak dengan austism spectrum disorder terhadap tingkat stres orang tua = The impact of having children with asd (autism spectrum disorder) towards parental stress level. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder of children characterized by decreased social function and communication. WHO estimates 1 in 160 children in the world suffer from ASD and there has been an increase in the last 50 years. In Indonesia alone, children with ASD are estimated to be 12 out of 10,000 deliveries. Having a child with ASD can have an impact on the physical and emotional health of parents who can increase their stress level. Stress in the parents themselves can reduce the effectiveness of early treatment interventions in children. Due to the lack of research on stress levels of parents who have children with ASD in Indonesia as well as the role of stress on the treatment of their children, this study needs to be done to analyse the relationship between having children with ASD and parents’ stress levels. This study used cross-sectional design. The researchers took data by interviewing parents who had children with ASD for case samples and for parents who had normal children for control samples. The minimum sample is 62. The research was conducted at Sekolah Cahya Anakku, SLB C Kyriakon Jakarta and Sekolah Bukit Sion from July to August 2018 Both T-test and Multivariate Linear Regression test are used to analyse the relationship between the factors studied Having child with ASD increases the stress level of parents significantly (p < 0.01). Physical stressor also contributes to higher level of parental stress (p 0.004). Having child with ASD increases parental stress level / Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) merupakan suatu gangguan perkembangan anak yang ditandai dengan penurunan fungsi sosial dan komunikasi. WHO memperkirakan 1 dari 160 anak di dunia menderita ASD, dan terlihat peningkatan dalam 50 tahun terakhir. Di Indonesia sendiri, anak yang menderita ASD diperkirakan 12 dari 10.000 kelahiran. Memiliki anak dengan ASD diduga dapat berdampak pada kesehatan fisik, dan emosional orang tua, yang nantinya diperkirakan dapat meningkatkan stres pada orang tua. Stres pada orang tua sendiri diperkirakan dapat menurunkan efektivitas intervensi pengobatan pada anaknya. Dikarenakan masih sedikitnya penelitian mengenai tingkat stres orang tua yang memiliki anak dengan ASD di Indonesia serta diduga adanya peran stres terhadap pengobatan anaknya, maka penelitian ini perlu dilakukan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara memiliki anak dengan ASD dengan tingkat stres pada orang tua. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang. Peneliti mengambil data dengan melakukan wawancara terhadap orang tua yang memiliki anak dengan ASD untuk sampel kasus dan terhadap orang tua yang memiliki anak normal untuk sampel kontrol. Sampel yang diambil adalah minimal 84 sampel. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di Sekolah Cahya Anakku, SLB C Kyriakon Jakarta, dan pengambilan sampel sebagai kontrol dilakukan di Sekolah Bukit Sion pada bulan Juli hingga Agustus 2018. Digunakan metode t-test dan metode regresi linier sederhana dan multipel untuk menganalisa hubungan antara faktor-faktor yang diteliti. Memiliki anak ASD meningkatkan tingkat stres orang tua secara signifikan (p < 0.01). Ditemukan pula bahwa stresor fisik juga dapat meningkatkan tingkat stres orang tua (p 0.004) Memiliki anak ASD dapat meningkatkan stres pada orang tua.

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