Desain konstitusional Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 dalam mengelola keberagaman etnik

Kurniawan, Jovin (2020) Desain konstitusional Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 dalam mengelola keberagaman etnik. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

The constitution is the highest form of law in a nation that cannot be separated from the social context of the nation in question. The Indonesian constitution is no exception. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia cannot be separated from the context of ethnic diversity in Indonesia. In general, there are two constitutional design approaches in managing diversity, namely the integration model and the accommodation model. The integration model is a model design that promotes multiple identities in which the constitution lacks recognition of specific ethnic identities and puts forward national identity, in contrast to the accommodation designs that prioritizes the recognition of specific ethnic identities. Through this study the author found that the Indonesian constitution adopted a combination of a strong integrationist approach with the accommodationist approach in regulating the relations between the central and regional governments. This study also reviews the implementation of this specific constitutional design that Indonesia applied, toward two Indonesian regions, namely Aceh and Papua that have had histories of conflicts based on ethnic identity that gave rise to disintegration in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Movement based on religious identity in Aceh and movement based on racial identity in Papua are dynamics that Indonesia must face. The constitutional design of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia allows the Indonesian constitution to play a role in the conflict by granting special autonomy to the two regions but keeping it within the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Aceh was granted special autonomy through Law 11 of 2006 concerning the Governments of Aceh and Papua through Law Number 21 of 2001 concerning Granting Special Autonomy for the Province of Papua.

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