Studi awal perancangan foamed concrete untuk beton pracetak = Prestudy of foamed concrete design for precast concrete

Sigit, Theodore Stanley Rianto (2019) Studi awal perancangan foamed concrete untuk beton pracetak = Prestudy of foamed concrete design for precast concrete. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Beton pracetak adalah alternatif pengganti sistem beton konvensional dengan mutu yang lebih terkontrol. Pada umumnya, beton pracetak digunakan sebagai elemen struktural yang memiliki kuat tekan diatas 20 MPa dan berat jenis yang ringan. Foamed concrete menjadi salah satu solusi untuk menghasilkan beton dengan berat jenis yang ringan. Namun foamed concrete memiliki kuat tekan yang rendah dan jauh dari syarat struktural. Penggunaan material alternatif cacahan plastik sebagai agregat dapat meningkatkan kuat tekan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan foamed concrete dengan berat jenis kurang dari 1750 kg/m3 dan kuat tekan sebesar fc’= 20 MPa untuk 28 hari. Penggunaan cacahan plastik sebagai material alternatif pasir dengan persentase subsitusi 5%; 7,5%; 10%; 15% dan 20%. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan penambahan cacahan plastik pada foamed concrete meningkatkan kuat tekan 41,64%; 42,6%; 39,6%; 28,5%; 22,2% dan meningkatkan berat jenis 3,44%; 5,75%; 8,19%; 10,38%; 10,69% berturut-turut. Selanjutnya variasi campuran beton menggunakan dua jenis superplasticizer yaitu M dan sika viscocrete 3115N dan dua jenis semen yaitu Portland Composite Cement (PCC) dan White Portland Cement (WPC). Ini dilakukan untuk menghasilkan kuat tekan yang lebih tinggi pada foamed concrete. Foamed concrete akan di curing dengan metode perendaman dalam air dan diuji masing-masing indikator sebanyak dua sampel pada tiga hari, tujuh hari dan 28 hari. Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh kesimpulan dengan penggunaan superplasticizer M, WPC dan penambahan cacahan plastik sebanyak 10% pada foamed concrete menghasilkan kuat tekan maksimum sebesar 26,09 MPa dengan berat jenis 1726 kg/m3. Selain itu pengujian meliputi tes Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara berat jenis dan kuat tekan foamed concrete terhadap hasil UPV. Dari hasil tes UPV didapatkan adanya korelasi yang kuat antara hasil UPV terhadap kuat tekan dan berat jenis foamed concrete tanpa penggunaan cacahan plastik dengan persamaan y = 0,011x + 1,4838 dan y = 0,028x + 2,9421. / Precast concrete is an alternative to conventional concrete with better quality control. In general, precast concrete is used as a structural element that has a compressive strength above 20 MPa and a low density. Foamed concrete is one of the solutions to produce lightweight density concrete. However, foamed concrete has a low compressive strength and which is far from structural requirements. The use of alternative materials in the form of shredded plastic as an aggregate can increase compressive strength. This study aimed to produce a foamed concrete with low density less than 1750 kg/m3, also adequates to get compressive strength at 20 MPa for 28 days. The used of shredded plastic as an alternative sand material with a substitution percentage of 5%; 7,5%; 10%; 15% and 20%. The result showed that the addition of shredded plastic on foamed concrete increased compressive strength 41,64%; 42,6%; 39,6%; 28,5%; 22,2% and increased density 3,44%; 5,75%; 8,19%; 10,38%; 10,69% respectively. Furthermore, the variation of concrete mixture using two types of superplasticizers which were M and sika viscocrete 3115N and two types of cement which were Portland Composite Cement (PCC) dan White Portland Cement (WPC). This was done to produce a higher compressive strength in foamed concrete. Foamed concrete would be cured in water and tested for each indicator by two samples on three days, seven days and 28 days. From the results of this study, it was concluded that the used of superplasticizer M, WPC and the additioned of 10% shredded plastic of foamed concrete produced the maximum compressive strength of 26,09 MPa with a density of 1726 kg/m3. In addition, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) test was included to determine the relationship between the compressive strength and density of foamed concrete on the UPV results. From the results of the UPV tests, it was found that there was a strong correlation between UPV results on compressive strength and density of foamed concrete without the use of shredded plastic with the equation y = 0,011x + 1,4838 and y = 0,028x + 2,9421.

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