Uji aktivitas imunomodulator dari ekstrak daun jambu biji (psidium guajava) asal Indonesia pada mencit balb/c = Immunomodulatory activity of local Indonesian guava (psidium guajava) leaf extract in balb/c mice

Nalapraya, Rachael Melati (2018) Uji aktivitas imunomodulator dari ekstrak daun jambu biji (psidium guajava) asal Indonesia pada mencit balb/c = Immunomodulatory activity of local Indonesian guava (psidium guajava) leaf extract in balb/c mice. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Psidium guajava atau jambu biji merupakan salah satu tanaman tradisional yang banyak digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit, seperti diabetes melitus dan hipertensi. Terdapat beberapa senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam bagian daun jambu biji terutama flavonoid yang diduga memiliki efek imunomodulator terhadap sistem imun. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun jambu biji sebagai imunomodulator terhadap sistem imun mencit Balb/C dengan mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun jambu biji terhadap berat badan mencit Balb/C, mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun jambu biji terhadap aktivitas fagositosis dalam mencit Balb/C, dan mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun jambu biji terhadap jumlah white blood cell (WBC) pada mencit Balb/C. Mencit dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok perlakuan yang masing-masing terdiri atas 9 mencit. Kelompok pertama dan kedua diberikan ekstrak air dengan dosis 100 mg/kgBB dan 200 mg/kgBB, kelompok ketiga dan keempat diberikan ekstrak metanol dengan dosis 100 mg/kgBB dan 200 mg/kgBB, kelompok kelima diberikan Imboost dengan dosis 5 mg/kgBB, dan kelompok keenam tidak diberikan perlakuan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak air dan ekstrak metanol daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava) memiliki sifat anti inflamasi terhadap sistem imun tubuh mencit Balb/C. Secara umum, kedua pelarut yang digunakan untuk ekstraksi tidak menunjukkan adanya toksisitas yang diindikasi oleh tidak adanya penurunan berat badan yang drastis. Ketika dibandingkan dengan metanol, ekstrak air daun jambu biji menunjukkan efektivitas anti inflamasi yang lebih tinggi pada dosis 100 mg/kg dan 200 mg/kg pada uji WBC, dan menunjukkan efektivitas yang lebih tinggi pada dosis 100 mg/kgBB pada uji fagositosis. Kedua ekstrak menunjukkan dose-dependency, dimana aktivitas anti inflamasi cenderung lebih efektif pada dosis yang rendah (100 mg/kgBB). / Psidium guajava, or commonly known as guava, is a traditional plant used to treat a variety of diseases, particularly diabetes mellitus and hypertension. It has been recently discovered that the leaf of guavas contain an active compound called quercetin, a flavonoid, which suggest that the plant posesses immunomodulatory activity. This research was conducted to explore and evaluate the effect of guava leaf extract as an immunomodulator on the immune system; using Balb/C mice as an animal model. Parameters of research included exploring the extract’s effect on Balb/C mice body weight, to explore the effect of guava leaf extract on the mice’s phagocytic activity, and to explore the effect of guava leaf extract on Balb/C white blood cell count (WBC). Mice were divided into 6 groups, each consisting of 9 mice. First and second groups were given guava leaf water extracts with dosages 100 mg/kgBB and 200 mg/kgBB, third and fourth groups were given guava leaf methanolic extracts of dosages 100 mg/kgBB and 200 mg/kgBB, the fifth group was given Imboost (5 mg/kgBB) as positive control, and the sixth group was given no treatment as negative control. This study shows that water and methanol guava leaf extracts exhibit anti-inflammatory properties on Balb/C mice immune system. In general, both solvents used for extraction do not show toxicity; indicated by the absence of drastic weight loss in treatment groups. When compared with the methanol guava leaf extract, water extracts displayed higher anti-inflammatory acitivity at both doses (100 mg/kgBB and 200 mg/kgBB) within the WBC test, and higher anti-inflammatory activity at 100 mg/kgBB as seen in the phagocytosis test. Both extracts exemplify dose-dependence, in which anti-inflammatory activity was seen to be more effective at low doses (100 mg/kgBB).

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