Perjuangan diplomasi Indonesia untuk mengambil alih kontrol flight information region (FIR) Singapura di masa pemerintahan Joko Widodo = Indonesia diplomation struggle to take flight information region (FIR) Singapore in Joko Widodo government

Kurnia, Tedi (2020) Perjuangan diplomasi Indonesia untuk mengambil alih kontrol flight information region (FIR) Singapura di masa pemerintahan Joko Widodo = Indonesia diplomation struggle to take flight information region (FIR) Singapore in Joko Widodo government. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Indonesia saat ini memiliki wilayah udara yang dikontrol oleh singapura, tepatnya di atas kepulauan Riau dan Natuna yang masuk dalam Flight Information Region Singapore (FIR) Singapura yang menyebabkan Indonesia perlu meminta izin kepada Air Traffic Controller (ATC) Singapura untuk terbang di atas wilayah kedaualatannya sendiri. Kontrol FIR oleh Singapura ini merupakan hasil perundingan Indonesia dan Singapura tahun 1946 yang di fasilitasi oleh International Civil Aviaton Organization (ICAO). Indonesia telah berupaya mengambil alih FIR lewat negosiasi namun sampai 2020 FIR masih di kuasai oleh Singapura. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis inti permasalahan FIR atau kontrol udara Indonesia oleh Singapura serta menguraikan upaya pemerintah Indonesia terkait FIR di masa pemerintahan Joko Widodo dan memaparkan hambatan apa saja yang dihadapi. Teori Realisme digunakan untuk menganalisis hasil dan menjawab pertanyaan penelitian dengan penambahan konsep negara, kedaulatan, diplomasi dan keamanan nasional untuk menunjang kerangka pemikiran. Selain itu, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif dan historis komparatif berdasarkan data dari buku, jurnal dan dokumen pemerintah untuk menggambarkan dan melihat peristiwa terkait perjuangan Indonesia dalam mengambil FIR yang sudah terjadi di beberapa periode pemerintahan Indonesia hingga masa Joko Widodo. Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa inti permasalahan dari FIR Singapura adalah kepentingan nasional yang berbeda baik dari Indonesia maupun Singapura. Upaya keseriusan pemerintah Indonesia untuk mengambil alih FIR terlihat dari pembuatan kebijakan pembangunan Lanud TNI AU serta upaya lewat peningkatan pada sektor kualitas manajemen dan sarana penerbangan juga dilakukan oleh Kementerian Perhubungan dan yang terakhir adalah upaya lewat kebijakan kerangka negosiasi ulang Indonesia - Singapura. Namun ditemukan hambatan bagi Indonesia di mana Singapura memiliki kepentingan FIR sebagai penunjang bisnis aviasinya dan juga Singapura yang saat ini menjabat sebagai Dewan ICAO menjadikan posisi Singapura lebih kuat dari Indonesia. / Indonesia is not in full control of its own airspace, in the skies of Riau islands and the Natuna Islands airspace is officially controlled by the neighbouring state of Singapore. The territories skies are registered under Singapores Flight Information Region (FIR), and it creates a situation where Indonesian planes must ask permission from Singaporean Air Traffic Control (ATC) authorities to fly through its own sovereign territory. The registration of the regions skies under Singaporean FIR was the result of negotiations between Singaporean and Indonesian Authorities in 1946, which was facilitated by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Over the years Indonesia has repeatedly tried to take over the FIR from Singaporean authorities however even by 2020 the FIR is still Singapore control. This thesis aims to analyze the main problems of FIR and the control of Indonesian aerial territory by Singapore. Additionally it would also like to outline the efforts of the Indonesian government related to FIR under President Joko Widodo’s adminsitration, and explain what onstacles were ecountered along the way. The Realist theory will be used to analyze the results and answer the research questions of this thesis by adding concepts such as: the state, sovereignty, diplomacy and national securities; these different concepts will be used to support the framework of thought. In addition this study will use a qualititave approach with descriptive and historical comparative reseaech methods based on data from books, journals and government documents. This will help describe and see the events related to Indonesia’s attempts to take take FIR from Singapore. Events of which has occurred in different periods of time and through different Indonesian governements up to the government of President Joko Widodo. Results will show that the main problem of Singapore controlled FIR is that there are different interest coming from both Indonesia and Singapore. There are signs of serious effort coming from the Indonesian government to take over FIR from Singapore, this can be seen from policy making. Examples of this is the development of Air Force’s Lanud program, improving the quality of management and aviation facilities that is headed by the Ministry of Transportation, and most recently negotiations through the Indonesia-Singapore Framework Realignment policy. However Indonesia has several obstacles such as Singaporean interest to support its aviation business to add to the fact that Singapore is in a stronger stance as they serve in the ICAO

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