The struggle of ASEAN in Eliminating Human Trafficking in Southeast Asia = Perjuangan ASEAN dalam menghapus isu perdagangan manusia di Asia Tenggara

Mathilda, Emmanuel (2020) The struggle of ASEAN in Eliminating Human Trafficking in Southeast Asia = Perjuangan ASEAN dalam menghapus isu perdagangan manusia di Asia Tenggara. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Globalisasi telah memberikan banyak peluang bagi masyarakat menyeluruh untuk berkembang melewati pola hidup yang lebih modern. Namun, fenomena globalisasi juga memudahkan berbagai macam bentuk tantangan negara untuk berkembang lebih modern dari sebelumnya. Salah satu bentuk dari tantangan tersebut adalah tantangan transnasional, dimana tantangan tersebut terus bertumbuh dan berpotensi mempengaruhi stabilitas kawasan, termasuk kawasan ASEAN. Dalam kondisi tersebut, ASEAN telah melakukan berbagai macam upaya demi menjaga keamanan dan stabilitas kawasan Asia Tenggara. Terutama dengan adanya fenomena kebangkitan ekonomi global serta inisiatif ekonomi ASEAN, dimana hal tersebut, secara tidak langsung, memudahkan isu keamanan non-tradisional untuk berkembang. Hal ini mendorong penulis untuk mengidenfitikasi isu tersebut lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tantangan regional dalam menjaga keamanan Asia Tenggara, secara khusus menemptakan fokus penelitian pada kasus perdagangan manusia, dimana isu tersebut masih terus berkembang dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Penelitian akan menggunakan pendekatan analitik deskriptif dan akan menggunakan teori neoliberalisme dalam menjabarkan penelitian, dengan bantuan konsep turunan pemikiran neoliberalisme, seperti keamanan non-tradisional, kerjasama internasional dan masyarakat sipil. Hasil penelitian ini, menunjukkan bahwa prinsip non-intervensi merupakan salah satu kendala bagi ASEAN dalam mencapai keamanan kawasan total dari isu perdagangan manusia. Meskipun demikian, non-intervensi serta prinsip ASEAN lainnya bukanlah suatu kerugian bagi ASEAN, dikarenakan prinsip-prinsip tersebut telah membantu ASEAN dalam mencegah potensi peperangan dalam kawasan. Namun, prinsip tersebut telah terbukti kurang efektif dalam menghadapi isu keamanan non-tradisional. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini akan menyoroti pentingnya kerjasama internasional, serta peran aktor lain selain negara, misalnya LSM (Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat) dan masyarakat sipil dalam mengatasi isu perdagangan manusia tanpa melanggar prisnsip ASEAN /Globalization has given many opportunities and access for society to grow beyond the traditional way of life. However, the phenomena also allow various forms of threats to go beyond states. In a condition where transnational challenges continue to grow and could potentially affect the stability of the region, ASEAN has been giving various efforts in maintaining the security and stability of Southeast Asia. The region then became an interesting subject for research since Southeast Asia’s well-known for being a trafficking destination, as a big amount of trafficking victims are from the region. Especially with the rise of the global economy and the ASEAN economic initiative, which indirectly gives an opportunity for non-traditional security issues (and especially human trafficking) to occur, which drives the author to identify more about it. This research is aimed to identify the regional challenges in maintaining Southeast Asia’s security, specifically putting the focus on the case of human trafficking, where the issue became prevalent for the past decades. This research is using qualitative approach as its research method, research seeks to promote other solutions for ASEAN without violating the principles that have previously been established by the regional organization. This research will be using descriptive analytical approach and will also be using neoliberalism as the main theory, with the help of concepts derived from the theory such as non-traditional security, international cooperation and civil society. The result of this research has shown that the non-intervention principle has been one of ASEAN’s obstacles in achieving complete security from the issue of human trafficking. Although non-intervention and other ASEAN principles has prevented ASEAN from the potential regional conflict or traditional war, it is proven to be quite ineffective when dealing with transnational crime. Therefore, this research paper would be highlighting the importance of international cooperation, as well as other actors aside from the state, where these actors can extend the regional effort without violating ASEAN’s principles.

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