Analysis of John Paul II's role in the solidarity movement in Poland between 1981-1989

Andreas, Hideo (2016) Analysis of John Paul II's role in the solidarity movement in Poland between 1981-1989. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Solidarity started out as a movement by disgruntled workers in Poland to form a free trade union that can negotiate with the communist regime on behalf of their interests. However, it immediately grew into a social movement and became an embodiment of the struggle against communism in Poland. An interesting aspect of the rise of Solidarity movement in Poland was the involvement of Pope John Paul II. The Pope had a pivotal role in supporting the movement and the collapse of Poland's communist regime. This thesis analyzes the Pope's influence over the development of the Solidarity movement starting from the year of its beginning in 1981 until 1989. The great influence that the Pope had over the movement stemmed from the personal talents and skills that he possessed and his sense of belonging to the Polish identity. His personal talents and skills were understood through an analysis of his exercise of soft power and public diplomacy in the forms of his personal contacts with important figures related to the Solidarity movement, public homily in Warsaw, and encyclicals. The Polish identity, on the other hand, is a historical element dependent on Poland's sense of nationalism and strong Catholic roots. A Polish sense of nationalism encompasses the tradition against foreign enemy, antagonism towards Russia, and democratic culture. Meanwhile, Catholicism is deeply entrenched in Poland's way of life. Pope John Paul II was seen as the embodiment of the Polish identity, and through his personal choices and actions, he was able to support the Solidarity movement. This thesis is a qualitative research that used descriptive method. The data analyzed was collected through literature reviews, using books and journals, as well as searching online resources, such as news articles or official Vatican documents. Based upon the analysis of data, this thesis concludes that Pope John Paul II’s role in the Solidarity movement had political repercussions and lead to the end of communist rule in Poland. All of the findings may also contribute to the study of individual actors' role and influence in international relations.

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