Analisis pelaksanaan Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup dari sudut pandang hubungan internasional: studi kasus FIFA World Cup 2002, 2010, 2014, dan 2018

Bataranotti, Qanszelir Gabriel (2020) Analisis pelaksanaan Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup dari sudut pandang hubungan internasional: studi kasus FIFA World Cup 2002, 2010, 2014, dan 2018. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Olahraga, khususnya sepak bola, dapat menjadi tempat untuk melupakan berbagai masalah dan konflik yang dihadapi siapa saja. Hal ini juga berlaku terhadap negara tuan rumah ajang sekelas FIFA World Cup. Menjadi negara tuan rumah FIFA World Cup juga merupakan sebuah kehormatan sekaligus ajang “merayakan” pencapaian tertentu di dunia internasional. Namun, status tersebut juga diikuti berbagai masalah yang harus diselesaikan. Kontribusi pelaksanaan FIFA World Cup terhadap pengembangan citra nasional negara tuan rumah melibatkan berbagai indikator dan proses yang beragam. Pola hubungan antara FIFA World Cup dengan globalisasi, diplomasi olahraga, organisasi internasional, dan promosi perdamaian juga diukur berdasarkan berbagai penilaian yang relevan. Konstruktivisme menjadi perspektif teoritis yang digunakan karena menekankan kepada relasi antara FIFA World Cup dan konsep esensial studi Hubungan Internasional sebagai hasil konstruksi sosial nilai dan gagasan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode comparative case study dan historis. Data yang dikumpulkan dan disajikan diperoleh dari berbagai data sekunder melalui studi kepustakaan dan berbagai sumber lain yang relevan dan kontributif. Teknik pengolahan dan analisis data adalah teknik deskriptif dan eksplanatif yang dijalankan secara teliti, cermat, dan mendalam. Terdapat tiga hasil utama dalam penelitian ini. Pertama, terdapat berbagai kategori masalah yang dihadapi negara tuan rumah FIFA World Cup. Kedua, FIFA World Cup memberikan kesuksesan yang beragam terhadap upaya pengembangan citra nasional negara tuan rumah. Ketiga, terdapat tiga pola hubungan yang terbentuk antara FIFA World Cup dengan globalisasi, diplomasi olahraga, organisasi internasional, dan promosi perdamaian. / Sports, especially football, can be a place to forget every problem and conflict for everybody. It also applied for host countries of a competition like the FIFA World Cup. Being the host of the FIFA World Cup is also an honor and, at the same time, as a means of “celebrating” certain international achievements. However, there are a lot of problems that need to be solved. FIFA World Cup contributions to the development of the national image of the host countries involve some indicators and processes. The pattern of relations between the FIFA World Cup and globalization, sports diplomacy, international organization, and peace promotion also measured by relevant appraisals. Constructivism is the selected theoretical perspective because it focuses on the relation between the FIFA World Cup and the essential concept of International Relations as a result of the social construction of values and ideas. This research used a qualitative approach with a comparative case study and historical methods. Data are collected and provided from secondary data through literature study and other resources. Techniques to analyze and process data are descriptive and explanative techniques. There are three main results of this research. First, there are some categories of problems that the host countries have to face. Second, the FIFA World Cup gave different levels of success for the effort of developing the national image of the host countries. Third, there are three patterns of relations between the FIFA World Cup and globalization, sports diplomacy, international organizations, and peace promotion.

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