Kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia dalam menangani pengungsi

Boboy, Linda Theresia (2020) Kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia dalam menangani pengungsi. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Indonesia tidak meratifikasi Konvensi Pengungsi tahun 1951 dan Protokol tahun 1967 tentang Status Pengungsi. Namun sejak tahun 1978 sampai sekarang Indonesia tetap menangani pengungsi seperti dari Vietnam, Timur Tengah dan Rohingya. Tesis ini menelaah faktor-faktor apa saja yang membuat Indonesia tetap mengurusi pengungsi walau tidak menandatangani Konvensi Pengungsi. Apa keuntungan bagi Indonesia dalam hal ini? Bagaimana kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia menyikapi dampak, diplomasi serta penanganan pengungsi? Pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian historis komparatif dilakukan untuk tesis ini. Metode wawancara, studi pustaka dan informasi sekunder dari internet digunakan untuk pengumpulan data. Studi ini menemukan bahwa prinsip non-refoulement dalam Konvensi Pengungsi tahun 1951 dan situasi geo-politik di kawasan Pasifik menjadi alasan Indonesia tetap menangani pengungsi. Studi ini juga menemukan beberapa kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia terkait penanganan pengungsi selama tiga periode, dengan selalu melibatkan UNHCR, IOM, Imigrasi dan instansi lainnya, sehingga hal tersebut menjadi faktor penentu terpilihnya Indonesia sebagai anggota tidak tetap Dewan Keamanan PBB untuk keempat kalinya, periode 2019-2020. Strategi multi-track diplomacy yang dilakukan menunjukkan Indonesia aktif mendukung perdamaian dunia melalui penanganan pengungsi. Studi ini juga membahas berbagai dampak politik, ideologi, sosial budaya, hukum, keimigrasian, ketahanan dan keamanan bagi Indonesia akibat penanganan pengungsi dan upaya diplomasi antar negara dalam mengatasi masalah pengungsi. / Indonesia does not ratify the 1951 Convention of Refugee and the 1967 Protocol about Refugee Status. However, since 1978 until nowadays Indonesia has been handling refugees from Vietnam, Middle East and Rohingya. This thesis analyzes the causative factors that make Indonesia keeps handling refuges, even though does not ratify the Convention of Refugee. What is the advantage for Indonesia? How are the foreign policies of Indonesia in responding the impacts, diplomacy and handling refugees? A qualitative approach with comparative historical method is used in this thesis. Interview method, literature review and secondary data from internet are used to collect the data. This thesis found that the principle of non-refoulement in the 1951 Convention of Refugee and the geo-politic situation in Pacific region are the reasons why Indonesia keeps handling refugees. This thesis also found several foreign policies of Indonesia related to handling refugees in three periods, by always involving UNHCR, IOM, Immigration and other related institutions, so that it becomes a defining factor for the election of Indonesia as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council for the fourth times, period 2019-2020. Strategy of multi-track diplomacy that has been executing shows that Indonesia is active in promoting the world peace through handling refugees. This thesis also discusses several impacts on politics, ideology, social culture, law, immigration, state defense and security for Indonesia from handling refugees and diplomacy effort among nations in overcoming the problem of refugees.

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