Penerapan teori vicarious liability dan perlindungan hukum bagi korporasi dalam proses penanganan perkara tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia

Firman, Ahmad Hardi (2020) Penerapan teori vicarious liability dan perlindungan hukum bagi korporasi dalam proses penanganan perkara tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa mengenai teori pertanggungjawaban pengganti (vicarious liability) dalam hukum pidana dan perlindungan hukum bagi korporasi, serta mengkaji pelaksanaan dalam praktek penanganan perkara tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia. Latar belakang pemikirannya karena proses pemidanaan terhadap korporasi akan berdampak pada kelangsungan usaha, nasib tenaga kerja dan kerugian pemegang saham. Oleh karena itu, idealnya instrumen hukum yang berlaku harus memadai. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk penelitian hukum yuridis normatif. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan cara studi pustaka yakni mengkaji buku-buku dan literatur tertulis serta jurnal yang berhubungan dengan permasalahan penelitian. Selain itu dilakukan pula wawancara dengan narasumber yang dipilih.Analisis dilakukan dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, dengan fokus terhadap undang-undang yang terkait dengan isu hukum yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teori vicarious liability telah diterapkan dalam melakukan pemidanaan korupsi terhadap korporasi walaupun tidak optimalnya instrumen hukum yang menjadi landasannya. Disisi lain sistem pemidanaan terhadap korporasi belum bertujuan pada restorative justice, sehingga perlindungan hukum korporasi belum memadai. Dibutuhkan rumusan ketentuan hukum yang dapat memperjelas penerapan vicarious liability, dan aspek perlindungan hukum terhadap korporasi dapat terjamin. Selanjutnya kepada Pemerintah, disarankan untuk melakukan perubahan terhadap aturan-aturan yang terkait dengan kriteria tersebut, diantaranya instrumen hukum pidana dan hukum acara pidana. Hal itu penting dilakukan karena korporasi merupakan salah satu kunci stabilitas perekonomian dan kesejahteraan bangsa. / This study aims to analyze the vicarious liability theory in criminal law and legal protection for corporations, as well as examine the implementation in practice handling cases of corruption in Indonesia. The background is because the criminal process of corporations will have an impact on business continuity, the fate of the workforce and shareholder losses. Therefore, ideally the applicable legal instruments must be adequate. This type of research includes normative juridical legal research. The research data was collected by means of literature study that is reviewing books and written literature and journals related to research problems. In addition, interviews were also conducted with selected speakers. The analysis is carried out using a statutory approach, with a focus on laws related to the legal issues under study. The results show that the vicarious liability theory has been applied in criminalizing criminal acts against corporations despite the lack of optimal legal instruments on which they are based. On the other hand, the criminal system for corporations does not yet aim at restorative justice, so that the protection of corporate law is not sufficient. It requires the formulation of legal provisions that can clarify the implementation of vicarious liability, and aspects of legal protection for corporations can be guaranteed. Next to the Government, it is recommended to make changes to the rules related to these criteria, including criminal law instruments and criminal procedure law. This is important because corporations are one of the keys to economic stability and national welfare.

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