Studi awal penggunaan bakteri Bacillus megaterium dalam perbaikan beton di lingkungan air laut = Early study of using Bacillus megaterium to repair concrete in seawater environment

Pribadi, Chrissander (2020) Studi awal penggunaan bakteri Bacillus megaterium dalam perbaikan beton di lingkungan air laut = Early study of using Bacillus megaterium to repair concrete in seawater environment. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Beton bertulang banyak digunakan untuk bangunan tepi laut. Seiring berjalannya waktu, beton akan mengalami kerusakan. Retak merupakan kerusakan yang dapat menurunkan kekuatan beton, sehingga beban akan disalurkan ke tulangan. Maka, diperlukan cara untuk menutup retakan dan mencegah kerusakan pada tulangan. Metode yang biasa dilakukan adalah dengan grouting, tetapi metode ini dapat membahayakan orang yang melakukannya. Karena itu, dilakukanlah penelitian mengenai beton self-healing yang memanfaatkan mikroorganisme seperti bakteri untuk menghasilkan zat yang dapat memperbaiki retak. Penelitian ini merupakan studi awal untuk mengetahui kinerja bakteri sebelum digunakan untuk beton self-healing. Karena itu, metode biogrouting digunakan karena prinsip dasarnya sama-sama membutuhkan presipitasi kalsium karbonat dari bakteri yang akan menutup retak. Bakteri yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah bakteri Bacillus megaterium SFP12 yang diambil dari usus babi yang dapat menghasilkan presipitasi kalsium karbonat dan juga tahan terhadap kondisi pH basa. Bakteri akan mempresipitasi kalsium karbonat yang berfungsi sebagai zat pengikat untuk mengisi rongga retak dengan adanya nutrisi dan tambahan ion kalsium. Bakteri dikembangbiakan dalam medium kultur cair yang merupakan nutrisi untuk hidup dan berkembangbiak. Lalu, sumber ion kalsium yang berasal dari cangkang kerang simping dan karbit dimasukkan dan diolah menjadi kalsium karbonat melalui metabolisme aerobik bakteri tersebut. Karena bakteri diambil dari usus babi, maka perlu pengujian perkembangan bakteri di air laut. Bakteri bisa hidup di kondisi air laut dengan tingkat salinitas 10 ppt, 20 ppt, dan 37 ppt. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengamatan setiap minggu satu kali selama satu bulan untuk menyimpulkan hasil. Berdasarkan masa pengamatan satu bulan, bakteri Bacillus megaterium dapat menghasilkan kristal kalsium karbonat dengan sumber ion kalsium dari cangkang kerang simping sebanyak 6,56 %. Sedangkan, pada sampel dengan ion kalsium dari karbit tidak menunjukkan pembentukkan kristal kalsium karbonat sehingga tidak dilakukan uji kadar kalsium karbonat./Reinforced concrete is widely used for marine structures. As time pass, concrete would undergo defects. Crack is one of the defects that lowers the strength of concrete that makes the steel carry the force. So, a repair method is needed to seal the crack and prevent further damage to the steel. A method that is usually used is grouting, but this method could endanger the person doing it. Because of that reason, a research about self-healing concrete is conducted which utilize microorganism such as bacteria to produce substance that can repair the crack. This research is an early study to figure out the performance of the bacteria before using it in the self-healing concrete. So, biogrouting method is used for this research because they have the same basic principles which is the need of calcium carbonate precipitation from the bacteria to fill in the crack. Bacteria used in this research is Bacillus megaterium SFP12 extracted from pig’s intestine which can produce calcium carbonate and resistant to alkaline. The bacteria would precipitate calcium carbonate that acts like a binding agent to fill in the crack if there are nutrition and a source of calcium ion. The bacteria was bred in a liquid medium culture filled with nutrition to live and breed. Then, the calcium ion from powdered seashell and calcium carbide are used to be produced into calcium carbonate by the bacteria through aerobic metabolism. Because of the bacteria was extracted from a pig, further tests needed to check wheter the bacteria can grow in sea water. From the test conducted, the bacteria can grow in sea water with different salinity, 10 ppt, 20 ppt and 37 ppt. In this research, samples are observed once a week for a month to conclude the result. According to a month of observation, Bacillus megaterium could produce calcium carbonate with powdered seashell as the source of calcium ion. On the contrary, samples using calcium ion from calcium carbide did not show any sign of calcium carbonate formation, so tests to check calcium carbonate content were not done.

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