Kebebasan pers Indonesia di era reformasi: ideologi dan praktik dalam perspektif anggota dewan pers

William, William (2012) Kebebasan pers Indonesia di era reformasi: ideologi dan praktik dalam perspektif anggota dewan pers. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Pasal 15 Ayat 1 Undang-Undang No. 40 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pers mengamanatkan pembentukan Dewan Pers independen. Hasilnya, Dewan Pers independen periode pertama dibentuk dan mulai bekerja pada tahun 2000. Sampai tahun 2012, Dewan Pers independen telah melalui empat periode kepemimpinan di bawah Atmakusumah Astraatmadja (2000²2003), Ichlasul Amal (2003²2006 dan 2007²2010), dan Bagir Manan (2010²2013). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan perspektif anggota Dewan Pers mengenai ideologi dan praktik kebebasan pers Indonesia di era Reformasi. Untuk mengumpulkan data yang relevan, Penulis melakukan studi pustaka dan wawancara mendalam dengan tiga orang key informant, yang mewakili masingmasing periode kepemimpinan dan masing-masing unsur dalam Dewan Pers, yakni Atmakusumah Astraatmadja (2000²2003; mewakili masyarakat/pakar), Sabam Leo Batubara (2003²2006 dan 2007²2010; mewakili pimpinan perusahaan pers), dan Bambang Harymurti (2010²2013; mewakili wartawan). Dari hasil studi pustaka dan wawancara mendalam, Penulis sampai pada kesimpulan bahwa penelitian mengenai ideologi dan praktik kebebasan pers Indonesia di era Reformasi merupakan penelitian bersifat makro. Meminjam istilah Antonio Gramsci, penelitian bersifat makro ini dibangun di atas penelitianpenelitian mikro mengenai ‘blok-blok historis´ dan “intelektual-intelektual” yang ada di dalam masyarakat -- Dewan Pers dan anggota Dewan Pers merupakan salah satu blok historis dan intelektual organik tersebut. Dengan keyakinan bahwa melalui “ideology ada setelah praktik", melalui penelitian ini Penulis merumuskan Model Pers Indonesia di Era Reformasi, yang terdiri atas tahap Transisi (Tahap 1), Reorganisasi (Tahap 2), Retrogresi (Tahap 3), dan Harmonisasi (Tahap 4). Selanjutnya, dari indikator-indikator yang menandai masing-masing karakteristik tahap Transisi, Reorganisasi, Retrogresi, dan Harmonisasi, Penulis menarik keluar “ide utama” sebagai satu dari tiga komponen pembentuk ideologi di luar pengalaman kolektif-historis dan komunikasi dalam konteks sosial. / Article 15 Paragraph 1 Undang-Undang No. 40 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pers mandates the establishment of independent Press Council. Consequently, the first independent Press Council was formed and started working by year 2000. Until 2012, independent Press Council has gone through four periods under the leadership of Atmakusumah Astraatmadja (2000²2003), Ichlasul Amal (2003² 2006 and 2007²2010), and Bagir Manan (2010²2013). This research is aimed to explore Press Council members’ perspectives on ideology and practice of Indonesian press freedom in Reform era. In collecting relevant data and information, the author undertakes library research and deeply interviews three key informants, who represent each period of leadership and each element in Press Council. They are Atmakusumah Astraatmadja (2000²2003; representing experts/general public), Sabam Leo Batubara (2003²2006 and 2007²2010; representing media companies), and Bambang Harymurti (2010² 2013; representing journalists). From library research and in-depth interview with key informants, the Author concludes that the research of ideology and practice of Indonesian press freedom in Reform era are occurred in macro level. Using terminologies coined by Antonio Gramsci, this macro-level research is built upon micro-level research about “historical blocs” and “organics intellectuals”, in which Press Council and its members are recognized as “historical blocs” and and “organics intellectuals” By conviction of “Ideology exist adter practice”, through this research the Author formulates Model Pers Indonesia di Era Reformasi (Model of Indonesian Press in Reform Era), which consists of Transition (Stage 1), Reorganization (Stage 2), Retrogression (Stage 3), and Harmonization (Stage 4). Subsequently, from several indicators signifying each of these four stages, the Author draws out “main idea as one of three components that form an ideology besides “collective-historical experiences” and “communication in social context”.

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