Pengaruh populisme terhadap kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia dalam masa pemerintahan Joko Widodo

Pontoh, Darryl Tobias (2021) Pengaruh populisme terhadap kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia dalam masa pemerintahan Joko Widodo. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Populisme merupakan pendekatan politik yang sudah mulai menyebar ke seluruh penjuru dunia di masa ini. Pendekatan tersebut juga sudah mulai terkenal di kalangan negara-negara Asia Tenggara. Oleh sebab itu, populisme kemudian diterapkan di Indonesia, khususnya oleh Presiden saat ini, yaitu Joko Widodo,seorang populis teknokratis yang memperkenalkan suatu bentuk populis baru yang ramah. Pendekatan populis tersebut mempengaruhi sang pemimpin dalam pembentukan kebijakan-kebijakan, baik secara domestik maupun luar negeri. Jokowi dalam masa pemerintahannya, menerapkan kebijakan luar negeri inward-looking, yang seringkali dinilai pragmatis, dimana beliau mengutamakan kepentingan nasional di ranah dunia internasional, dalam bentuk kedaulatan dan perkembangan ekonomi domestik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi apa saja kebijakan-kebijakan populis Joko Widodo yang memiliki implikasi bagi kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia serta menganalisis apa pengaruh kebijakan populis tersebut terhadap kebijakan luar negeri Joko Widodo. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori analisi kebijakan luar negeri dan mengedepankan konsep-konsep mengenai negara, kepentingan nasional, serta populisme. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi penelitian deskriptif dan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa kebijakan-kebijakan populis Jokowi yang memilki implikasi terhadap kebijakan luar negeri dapat dilihat melalui berbagai sektor, yaitu infrastruktur, ekonomi, serta sosial-politik. Sentimen populis tersebut merambat kepada kebijakan luar negeri beliau, mempengaruhi Jokowi untuk menerapkan kebijakan bebas-aktif yang bersifat pragmatis, memetingkan kepentingan nasional, diplomasi ekonomi dalam bentuk perluasan ke pasar non-trasional dan kebijakan down-to-earth, kedaulatan maritim, dan tidak mengedepankan ASEAN maupun sifat masyarakat baik di mata Internasional, seperti yang ditekankan pendahulunya. /Populism is a political approach that has begun to spread throughout the world today. This approach has also become popular within the region of Southeast Asia. Therefore, populism was then also implemented within Indonesia by President Joko Widodo, a technocratic populist who introduced a new, friendly and polite form of populism. This populist approach influences the said leader in acting his policies, both domestic and international. During his reign, Jokowi implemented inward-looking policies that are defined as pragmatic, where he prioritized national interests in the international world, in the form of reinforcing sovereignty as well as the growth of Indonesia’s domestic economy. This research aims to identify Joko Widodo's populist policies that have implications towards foreign policy, as well as to identify the influences of those populist policies on Joko Widodo's foreign policy. The theory used in this research is the theory of foreign policy analisis, and uses concepts such as nations, national interests, and populism. This study uses a descriptive research methodology and uses a qualitative approach. The result of the this research explains that Jokowi's populist policies that have implications on foreign policy can be seen through various sectors, namely infrastructure, economy, and socio-politics. These populist sentiments has then spread to foreign policy, influencing Jokowi to implement inward-looking policies that are pragmatic, prioritizing national interests, economic diplomacy in the form of extensions to non-traditional markets and down-to-earth policy, national maritime sovereignty, and not prioritizing ASEAN or being a good citizen in the eyes of the international community, as it was in favor of his predecessor./

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