Rivalitas kekuatan AS-Iran di kawasan Timur Tengah tahun 2015-2020 = US-Iran power rivalry in Middle East year 2015-2020

Violine, Vanesha (2021) Rivalitas kekuatan AS-Iran di kawasan Timur Tengah tahun 2015-2020 = US-Iran power rivalry in Middle East year 2015-2020. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Rivalitas kekuatan AS-Iran di kawasan Timur Tengah merupakan sebuah fenomena yang telah terjadi bertahun-tahun dan menyebabkan hubungan yang desruktif dan kompleks antara kedua negara. Ketegangan yang timbul memberi dampak negatif bukan hanya untuk kedua negara, tetapi bagi negara-negara sekitar. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memahami dinamika ketegangan “tanpa akhir” dengan mengidentifikasi kepentingan AS dan Iran dalam fenomena ini serta memperlihatkan tindakan yang diambil kedua negara dalam mempertahankannya, yang membuat adanya eskalasi ketegangan yang dramatis dalam periode 2015- 2020. Dalam upaya memaparkan hal tersebut, teori Neorealisme serta konsep kepentingan nasional, dilemma kekuatan, perimbangan kekuatan dan distribusi kekuatan, serta kekuatan, penulis gunakan sebagai dasar dari kerangka berfikir untuk memahami dinamika rivalitas secara utuh. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode eksplanatori untuk dapat secara utuh memaparkan fenomena eskalasi ketegangan yang ada. Selanjutnya, teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan dilakukan melalui penelusuran daring dan studi pustaka, kemudian hasil dikelompokan dan dianalisis dengan teknik naratif. Hasil penelitian dapat memperlihatkan secara jelas bahwa pada periode 2015-2020, terdapat eskalasi ketegangan terjadi secara dramatis antara AS dan Iran dan kedua negara tetap mempertahankan posisinya dalam rivalitas kekuatan yang ada demi mempertahankan kepentingannya, yaitu AS dengan kepentingan sumber daya, kontra terorisme dan menekan pengaruh Iran, serta Iran dengan kepentingan ekonomi, keamanan dan menghilangkan pengaruh AS di Timur Tengah. Dengan demikian penelitian ini mampu menjawab tujuan penelitian penulis. / The US- Iranian power rivalry in the Middle East is a phenomenon that has been occurring for years and has caused a destructive and complex relationship between the two countries. The tensions that have arisen have had several negative impacts not only on the two countries but also for the surrounding countries. Therefore, this research was conducted to understand the dynamics of the “endless” tensions by identifying the US and Iranian interest in this phenomenon and showing the actions that both countries took to defend their interest, which led to a dramatic escalation of tension in 2015-2020. To explain this, the theory of Neorealism and the concept of national interest, security dilemma, power, the balance of power and distribution of power, are used by the author as the foundation and framework to ultimately fully understand the dynamics of power rivalry. Moving on, a qualitative approach with a explanatory method is used to point out the tension escalation of the phenomenon. Moreover, the data collection technique is carried out through online searches and literature studies, then the results are grouped and analyzed using narrative techniques. In the end, this study clearly shows that in the year 2015-2020, there are several points of a dramatic escalation of tensions between the US and Iran, not to mention they maintain their position in the existing power rivalry to defend their interest, namely the US with resource interest, counter-terrorism and suppressing Iranian’s Influence. As well as Iran with its economic, security interest, and eliminating US influences in the Middle East. Thus, this study is able to answer the author’s research objectives and purposes.

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