Diplomasi budaya Jepang melalui Hello Kitty pasca Perang Dunia II

Teresa, Stania (2021) Diplomasi budaya Jepang melalui Hello Kitty pasca Perang Dunia II. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Jepang merupakan negara yang kaya akan budayanya. Istilah-istilah seperti anime, manga, geisha, ramen, J-music bukanlah hal yang asing di telinga masyarakat. Perkembangan pesat budaya Jepang di berbagai negara membuat Jepang menggunakan aspek budaya tersebut dalam berdiplomasi. Penggunaan anime dan manga dalam berdiplomasi bukanlah hal yang baru karena sebelum anime dan manga populer di telinga masyarakat, Hello Kitty yang merupakan salah satu karakter budaya populer Jepang, terlebih dahulu mendunia. Hello Kitty memiliki peran besar dalam diplomasi budaya Jepang, terutama pasca Perang Dunia ke II, dimana pada waktu itu Jepang memiliki reputasi buruk. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode penelitian komparatif-historis dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik kepustakaan. Dengan menggunakan teori konstruktivisme dan konsep diplomasi, ditemukan bahwa Jepang memiliki reputasi yang sangat buruk karena perbuatan kejam mereka pada saat Perang Dunia ke II. Kebangkitan Hello Kitty pada tahun 1974 merupakan langkah pertama bagi Jepang dalam memperbaiki reputasi tersebut. Hello Kitty merupakan sebuah karakter yang memiliki karakteristik menyerupai kucing. Diperkenalkan oleh Sanrio dengan Yuko Shimizu sebagai desainernya, Hello Kitty berhasil menjadi salah satu karakter terpopuler di dunia. Hello Kitty memiliki peran besar dalam kebangkitkan kawaii culture. Dengan penampilannya yang cute dan feminine, Hello Kitty kemudian dikenal sebagai ikon kawaii. Popularitas Hello Kitty yang semakin meningkat membuat kawaii culture semakin populer di seluruh dunia. Munculnya kawaii culture inilah yang membuat Jepang dapat memperbaiki reputasi buruknya dengan menciptakan identitas baru yang dikenal dengan kawaii. / Japan is a country that is rich in culture. Terms like anime, manga, geisha, ramen, J-music are not foreign to the public. The rapid development of their culture has made Japan to use this cultural aspect in diplomacy. The use of anime and manga in their diplomacy is not something new because before anime and manga became popular to the ears of the public, Hello Kitty, who is one of the characters of Japanese popular culture, went global first. Hello Kitty has a big role in Japanese cultural diplomacy, especially after World War II, which at that time Japan had a bad reputation. This study was conducted using comparative-historical research method with data collection using literature techniques. By using constructivism theory and diplomacy concept, it is found that Japan has a very bad reputation because of their cruel acts during World War II. The birth of Hello Kitty in 1974 was the first step for Japan in changing that reputation. Hello Kitty is a character with a feline characteristic. Introduced by Sanrio with Yuki Shimizu as her designer, Hello Kitty has become one of the most popular character in the world. Hello Kitty played a big role in the rise of kawaii culture. With her cute and feminine appearance, Hello Kitty became known as the icon of kawaii. The increase of her popularity, has made kawaii culture more popular around the world. The rise of kawaii culture is the reason why Japan is able to change their bad reputation by creating a new identity known as kawaii.

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