Analisis Kepentingan Amerika Serikat dan Rusia dalam Minsk Group pada Konflik Nagorno-Karabakh

Sutrisna, Leonard Vialdi (2021) Analisis Kepentingan Amerika Serikat dan Rusia dalam Minsk Group pada Konflik Nagorno-Karabakh. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Konflik Nagorno-Karabakh adalah konflik etnis yang berkembang menjadi perang skala besar antara Armenia dan Azerbaijan. Minsk Group sebagai organisasi regional diberikan mandat oleh PBB untuk menjadi mediator dalam usaha pengelolaan konflik. Amerika Serikat dan Rusia ditunjuk menjadi ketua Minsk Group. Namun, kehadiran dua negara besar tersebut belum mampu memberikan resolusi konflik. Penelitian ini berfokus pada peran Minsk Group dalam konflik serta bagaimana kepentingan Amerika Serikat dan Rusia menghambat pengelolaan konflik Nagorno-Karabakh. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Realisme sebagai teori utama dengan Kepentingan Nasional, Organisasi Internasional dan Konflik Etnis sebagai konsep pendukung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode eksplanatori yang menggunakan teknik studi pustaka untuk pengumpulan data. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan penjabaran terhadap latar belakang konflik Nagorno-Karabakh dan Minsk Group sebagai fondasi awal. Amerika Serikat dan Rusia hadir dalam Minsk Group dengan membawa kepentingan nasionalnya masing-masing. Kepentingan dari Amerika Serikat dan Rusia mencakup kepentingan geoekonomi, geopolitik dan keamanan yang berkaitan dengan potensi Sumber Daya Alam di kawasan Kaukasus khususnya di Laut Kaspian. Keterlibatan Amerika Serikat dan Rusia membuat peran Minsk Group menjadi bias karena Minsk Group selaku mediator konflik menjadi tidak netral dengan berpihak pada salah satu pihak yang berkonflik. Gesekan kepentingan nasional antara Amerika Serikat dan Rusia serta keberpihakan Minsk Group pada akhirnya menghambat pengelolaan konflik Nagorno-Karabakh. / Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is ethnic conflict that has escalated into a full scale war between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Minsk Group as a regional organization mandated by United Nations to be a mediator on conflict management effort. The United States and Russia are appointed as Co-Chairs of Minsk Group. However, the presence of those two major countries has not been able to provide resolution in the conflict. This study is focusing on the role of Minsk Group in the conflict and how interests of The United States and Russia are affecting the conflict resolution effort. This study is using Realism as core theory with National Interest, International Organization and Ethnic Conflict as supporting concepts. This study is a qualitative study with explanatory method, using the technique of literature study to collect data. The results start with the explanation of the background of Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and Minsk Group as the framework. The presence of the United States and Russia in Minsk Group is followed with their own national interests. National interests of the United States and Russia include the interest of geoeconomics, geopolitics and security that are closely related to the natural resources of Caspian Sea in the region of Caucasus. The involvement of United States and Russia has been a biased role of Minsk Group because Minsk Group as a mediator must remain neutral and not sided to one party. The clash of national interest between United States and Russia along with the biased position of Minsk Group has hindered the resolution of Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

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