Perumusan kembali mekanisme pencegahan konflik internasional: studi kasus perang saudara Somalia = Reinventing international conflict prevention mechanism: a case study of the Somalian civil war

Soedirlan, Irsyad (2021) Perumusan kembali mekanisme pencegahan konflik internasional: studi kasus perang saudara Somalia = Reinventing international conflict prevention mechanism: a case study of the Somalian civil war. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Selama peristiwa kudeta Siad Barre pada tahun 1991, Somalia mengalami situasi kelam yang menjadi pemicu dari kegagalan berkelanjutan pada negara itu yang di akibatkan oleh ketiadaan pemerintah pusat, dimana hal tersebut menyebabkan faksi-faksi bersenjata di seluruh penjuru Somalia saling memperebutkan kekuasaannya. Beberapa metode pencegahan konflik telah diterapkan guna mengatasi permasalahan ini, namun terhalang oleh beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan kegagalan operasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab kegagalan dalam penerapan mekanisme pencegahan konflik serta mengidentifikasi langkah-langkah untuk menghindari kegagalan serupa di masa depan. Teori Realisme yang digunakan sebagai landasan penelitian menyatakan bahwa terjadinya perang saudara disebabkan oleh beberapa penyebab, salah satunya adalah perebutan kekuasaan. Metodologi penelitian ini terdiri atas beberapa bagian penting. Penulis memilih metode penelitian studi kasus dengan menggunakan teknik naratif sebagai instrumen analisis dan mengandalkan studi pustaka guna memperoleh literatur dan data yang valid. Dari hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa akar penyebab perang saudara Somalia bersumber dari aspek sejarah, politik, ekonomi, dan kemanusiaan. Terkait akar permasalahannya, beberapa tindakan preventif telah dilakukan guna mencegah eskalasi konflik seperi operasi UNOSOM I, UNITAF, dan UNOSOM II. Operasi-operasi tersebut mengalami kegagalan karena mekanisme operasi yang tidak efektif yang menyebabkan gagal nya penanganan konflik. Dari pelajaran yang didapat, menganalisis metode pencegahan konflik ringan dan dalam, serta mencegah kegagalan mekanisme yang sudah terjadi sebelumnya, akan mengarah pada penerapan metode pencegahan konflik yang lebih baik dalam menghindari pecahnya konflik di masa depan. / During the coup of Siad Barre in 1991, Somalia was experiencing an unfortunate situation which would soon become the downfall of the nation as Somalia has lost its central governance leading towards multiple struggle of power among different opposing dangerous armed factions inhabiting throughout Somalia. Several conflict prevention method was attempted but had been hindered with several unsuccessful operations. The purpose of this research is to identify the causes of failure in implementing conflict prevention mechanism and identify measures to avoid failures in the future. The theory of Realism was incorporated within this research asserting the occurrence of a civil war was caused by several reasons including the struggle for power. The methodology used within this research consists of the case study research method with a narrative analysis technique along with the library research technique to gather valid literatures and data. From the findings of this research, it has been indicated that the root causes of the civil war were derived from the historical, political, economic, and the humanitarian sector. Regarding the root causes, several preventive measures were implemented to prevent the escalation of the conflict such as the operation of UNOSOM I, UNITAF, and UNOSOM II. The operations had little success due to the failed mechanism within the operation, leading towards an unsuccessful management of the conflict. From the lessons learned, analyzing the light and deep conflict prevention methods, and preventing past mechanism failures, will lead towards a better future assortment of conflict prevention in avoiding future conflict outbreaks.

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