Analisis tanggapan India terhadap strategi pembangunan global Cina Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) (2017-2020) = Analysis of India's response to global development strategy China belt and road initiative (BRI) (2017-2020)

Marcella, Marcella (2021) Analisis tanggapan India terhadap strategi pembangunan global Cina Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) (2017-2020) = Analysis of India's response to global development strategy China belt and road initiative (BRI) (2017-2020). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Belt and Road Initiative merupakan salah satu strategi pembangunan terbesar yang sedang berlangsung di abad ini. Strategi ini digadang menghabiskan hampir 1$ Triliun dan jumlahnya terus bertambah seiring waktu. India sendiri merupakan salah satu negara yang dilewati oleh BRI dimana jalur tersebut dikenal dengan nama Jalur Sutra. Dengan adanya BRI, Cina memiliki startegi untuk mengajak kerja sama negara-negara yang dilewati oleh Jalur sutra untuk meningkatkan hegemoninya di Kawasan Asia, tetapi India sebagai negara yang dilewati oleh Jalur ini menolak adanya kerjasama tersebut, dikarenakan kecurigaan India terhadap BRI yang memiliki Hidden Agenda tersendiri dalam membangun strategi ini. Kebijakan luar negeri Cina yang lebih terbuka pasca perang dingin pada politik dan pemerintahannya dengan menggunakan keamanan non tradisional yaitu diplomasi kerjasama dengan beberapa negara. Kebijakan luar negeri India juga menjelaskan bahwa India sangat terbuka dengan adanya Kerjasama dengan negara lain yang dapat membantu terwujudnya kepentingan negaranya. Dalam menjelaskan kasus ini, penulis menggunakan Teori Neorealisme untuk menyikapi kasus pada penolakan India terhadap BRI. Terdapat lima konsep yang dipakai oleh penulis dalam penulisan skripsi yaitu konsep Geopolitik, Geostartegi, Geoekonomi, National Interest, dan Balance of Power. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Kualitatif untuk mendeskripsikan analisis penolakan India terhadap BRI (2017- 2020), Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan seperti studi Pustaka dan penelusuran data secara online (daring). Analisis data yang digunakan seperti mind mapping, analisis data secara naratif, mengumpulkan data dengan bantuan rumusan masalah dan menarik kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, ternyata Cina memiliki beberapa kepentingan dengan menggandeng India dalam kerjasama BRI. Beberapa hal baru yang ditemukan adalah selain kerjasama adanya faktor-faktor seperti Integritas Wilayah, distribusi kekuatan, Ekonomi dan Politik, yang mendorong Cina merekrut negara-negara yang berada di luar Jalur Sutra. Namun mengapa India menolak BRI? Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan Hidden Agenda apa yang ingin dicapai oleh Cina melalui kerjasama dengan India./ Belt and Road Initiative is one of the greatest development strategies taking place in this century. This strategy is predicted to cost nearly $ 1 Trillion and the number continues to grow over time. India itself is one of the countries that the BRI passes through which is known as the Silk Road. With the existence of the BRI, China has a strategy to invite the cooperation of countries through the Silk Road to increase its hegemony in the Asian region, but India as a country traversed by this route rejects this cooperation, due to India's suspicion of BRI having its own Hidden Agenda. in building this strategy. China's foreign policy which is more open after the cold war on politics and government by using non-traditional security, namely diplomacy in cooperation with several countries. India's foreign policy also explains that India is very open to the existence of cooperation with other countries that can help realize the interests of their country. In explaining this case, the author uses Neorealism Theory to address the case on India's rejection of the BRI. There are five concepts used by the author in writing a thesis, namely the concept of Geopolitics, Geostrategy, Geoeconomics, National Interest, and Balance of Power. This study uses a qualitative method to describe the analysis of India's rejection of the BRI (2017-2020). Data collection techniques are used such as literature studies and online data retrieval. Data analysis used is such as mind mapping, narrative data analysis, collecting data with the help of problem formulations and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the research that has been conducted, it turns out that China has several interests by cooperating with India in the BRI cooperation. Some of the new things that were discovered were that in addition to cooperation, there were factors such as Territorial Integrity, power distribution, Economy and Politics, which prompted China to recruit countries that were outside the Silk Road. But why did India reject the BRI? Therefore, this study aims to discover what Hidden Agenda China wants to achieve through cooperation with India.

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