Diplomasi Kebudayaan antara Indonesia dan Rusia era Pasca Orde Baru (1998-2012) serta implikasinya dalam mencapai kepentingan nasional kedua negara = Cultural diplomasi between Indonesia-Rusia post New Order Era and its implications in achieving the national interest of both countries

Mandranitya, Petra (2013) Diplomasi Kebudayaan antara Indonesia dan Rusia era Pasca Orde Baru (1998-2012) serta implikasinya dalam mencapai kepentingan nasional kedua negara = Cultural diplomasi between Indonesia-Rusia post New Order Era and its implications in achieving the national interest of both countries. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Persentuhan awal antara Rusia dan Indonesia dimulai dari penelitian antropolog NN Miklouho-Maclay yang mendatangi Papua dan meneliti serta mempelajari cara hidup dan kebudayaan suku-suku disana. Di Era Soekarno kerjasama antara Indonesia dan Rusia kembali terjalin. Dengan adanya persamaan ideologis antar pemimpinnya saat itu, maka kerjasama di berbagai bidang dengan mudahnya disepakati. Hasil konkretnya adalah pengucuran dana, pembangunan proyek, dan pemasokan senjata besar-besaran, serta pengiriman mahasiswa dan pengadaan festival kesenian untuk mememuhi misi kebudayaan dan pendidikan. Di Era Soeharto hubungan kedua negara mengalami kebuntuan. Kerjasama di bidang kebudayaan dan pendidikan sama sekali tidak berjalan dan stagnan karena pemimpin Indonesia saat itu sangat pro-Barat. Setelah Era Orde baru, hubungan kedua negara kembali terjalin dengan baik hingga sekarang terutama di bidang kebudayaan dan pendidikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan dan membandingkan secara garis besar dinamika kerjasama antara Indonesia dan Rusia di bidang Kebudayaan dan Pendidikan dari pasca Era Orde Baru hingga sekarang. Menemukan alasan di balik perubahan politik luar negeri Indonesia terhadap Rusia, melihat implikasi dari kerjasama di bidang kebudayaan dan pendidikan, mengevaluasi program-program yang dicanangkan dan melihat ke efektivitasan implementasi dari program-program tersebut. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari tinjauan pustaka, data mentah dari pihak-pihak yang berwenang, artikel-artikel yang terkait serta wawancara dengan pihak-pihak yang bersangkutan seperti perwakilan dari Staf Kedutaan Besar Rusia untuk Indonesia. Analisis dilakukan melalui metode kualitatif jenis deskriptif. Melalui data, analisis dan wawancara ditemukan fakta-fakta bahwa kerjasama di bidang Kebudayaan dan Pendidikan mengalami penurunan yang sangat drastis di Era Soeharto namun kemudian mengalami peningkatan yang tidak kalah pesat setelah Era Orde Baru. Kedua negara sekarang memprioritaskan hubungan kerjasama di bidang kebudayaan dan pendidikan disamping kerjasamanya di bidang lain. Implementasi dari program-program kerjasama di kedua bidang tersebut dinilai efektif karena mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan dari pasca Orde Baru hingga sekarang. / Contiguity between Russia and Indonesia started from the research of anthropologist Miklouho NN-Maclay who came to Papua and studying the way of life and culture of the tribes there. In the Soekarno era, the cooperation between Indonesia and Russia re-established. With the ideological similarities between the leader at the time, the cooperation in various fields were easily agreed. The results were disbursement of funds, development projects, and a massive supply of weapons, as well as the delivery and provision of student arts festival to meet the cultural and educational mission. In the Soeharto era, cooperation in the field of culture and education in no way runs and stagnant as the leader of Indonesia was pro-Western. After the New Order era, relations between the two countries reestablished very well until now, mainly in the fields of culture and education. The purpose of this study is to describe and compare the outline of the dynamics of cooperation between Indonesia and Russia in the field of Culture and Education of the post-New Order era to the present. Finding the reason behind the change of Indonesian foreign policy towards Russia, look at the implications of cooperation in the field of culture and education, evaluating programs launched and see the effectivity of the implementation from such programs. The data in this study were obtained from the literature, the data from the appropriate authorities, related articles as well as interviews with the parties concerned as the representative of the Russian Embassy staff in Indonesia. The analysis was conducted through qualitative methods with descriptive type. Through data, analysis and interviews found evidence that cooperation in the fields of culture and education has decreased drastically in the Soeharto era, but then increase after the New Order era. Both countries are now prioritizing partnerships in the field of culture and education as well as cooperation in other fields. The implementation of cooperation programs in both areas is considered effective because of a significant increase of the post-New Order era to the present.

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