Prayogiwati, Agnes (2006) Membangun keterampilan menulis dalam bahasa Inggris anak usia 8-9 tahun melalui kegiatan bercerita, menggambar dan coorperative learning. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.
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Abstract
Writing a composition has been known as something difficult and less fun to
do by students. This distasteful feeling has reached to the top of their limits. When a
student said: "I can not.", that was the most obvious sign for a teacher to do
something about her/his teaching. It was found that the stagnation happened at the
entry data mostly caused by the absences of self-esteem and risk taking. "As
language teachers, we must understand that students' feelings and emotions can
determine the effectiveness of learning and our teaching" (Mary Ann C. 2002).
Therefore, as the first step of this action research, maximum treatments were
provided in order to boost the students' self- esteem. It brought hope that by gaining
their self- esteem, students are able to express their opinions, feelings and ideas
through well -writing. Those treatments were given in the forms of stories (listening
to a story), drawing (making a kind of illustration of the story), and cooperative
learning (retelling the story orally in a peer activity).
Basically, the purpose of this study is to build students' competence in
making creative writing independently. In a further discussion, the following study
is meant to answer these three questions: (1) what impacts do those three assistances
(stories, drawing and cooperative learning) bring on children's compositions? (2)
What are the roles of drawing on children's compositions? And (3) what are the roles
of an open ended story on children's compositions germane to their creativity?
The following study was held at one of the National -Plus Primary Schools in
West Jakarta which applies English as its second language. Four subjects who had
serious problems with writing were chosen among thirty three students. There were
three cycles discussed in this study. Each cycle started with listening to a story and
ended with re-writing the story. The differences were: on the first cycle students
were given both drawing activity and cooperative learning, on the second cycle there
was no drawing activity, and on the third cycle the students were given an open
ended story and cooperative learning. In analyzing the data, qualitative approach was
applied by interpreting the raw data and giving some conclusion as the result of the
analysis.
The following answers were obtained from this research. First, having done
the 3 activities, the students showed some improvement on their affective and
cognitive abilities which are relevant to composition. Second, drawing helped the
students to recall the story, to see details of the story and to create new ideas of their
own story. Third, having been given an open ended story, the students showed efforts
in creating new ideas.
In conclusion, this study shows that by giving the three assistances, the
students showed their best achievements in terms of affective and cognitive domain.
Therefore, to prepare them to be ready to work independently, the three treatments
should be given for several times. / Mengarang dalam Bahasa Inggris merupakan sebuah tantangan yang cukup
berat, terutama bagi anak- anak yang menggunakan Bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa
kedua mereka. Ketika seorang anak berkata 'tidak bisa', pada saat itulah guru harus
bertindak. Mary Ann mengungkapkan, "As language teachers, we must understand
that students' feelings and emotions can determine the effectiveness of learning and
our teaching" (Mary Ann C. 2002), maka diputuskan bahwa pada tindakan pertama
diberikan tiga bantuan sekaligus agar kepercayaan diri anak muncul. Dengan
demikian, diharapkan anak mampu mengungkapkan apa yang ada di benak mereka
ke dalam bentuk tulisan. Ketiga bantuan tersebut adalah : kegiatan bercerita (anak
mendengarkan cerita), kegiatan menggambar (anak menggambar tentang cerita), dan
cooperative learning (anak menceritakan kembali cerita secara lisan bergantian
dengan pasangannya).
Pada dasarnya, penilitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun kemampuan anak
membuat tulisan kreatif (mengarang) secara mandiri- tanpa bantuan. Dengan melihat
peran masing-maing bantuan tersebut di atas maka penelitian ini ingin menjawab tiga
permasalahan yang muncul yaitu: (1) Bagaimanakah pengaruh ketiga bantuan
terhadap karangan anak dalam Bahasa Inggris? (2) Bagaimanakah peran kegiatan
menggambar terhadap karangan anak dalam Bahasa Inggris?(3) Bagaimanakah peran
pemberian cerita terbuka terhadap karangan anak dalam Bahasa Inggris terutama
dalam sisi kreativitas?
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada sebuah sekolah National-Plus yang terletak
di kawasan Jakarta Barat. Dari 33 anak usia 8-9 tahun, terpilihlah empat anak yang
mempunyai kemampuan menulis sangat kurang. Pembahasan penelitian ini akan
mencakup tiga siklus tindakan, di mana dalam setiap siklus diawali dengan anak
mendengarkan cerita dan diakhiri dengan anak menulis kembali cerita tersebut
menggunakan kata- kata mereka sendiri. Perbedaan dari tiap siklus adalah: pada
tindakan pertama anak menggambar dan menceritakan kembali secara lisan
bergantian dengan pasangannya (cooperative learning) sebelum menulis cerita
kembali, pada tindakan kedua anak melakukan kegiatan cooperative learning tanpa
kegiatan menggambar, sedangkan pada tindakan ketiga anak melakukan hal yang
sama dengan tindakan kedua hanya cerita yang digunakan adalah cerita berakhir
terbuka. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan kulitatif yang diakhiri
dengan kesimpulan reflektif.
Pada akhir pembahasan ditemukan jawaban dari permasalahan penelitian
seperti berikut ini: (a) Dengan ketiga bantuan yang diberikan anak menunjukkan
kemajuan baik dari sisi afektif maupun kognitif. (b) Kegiatan menggambar
membantu anak untuk mengingat peristiwa dalam cerita, melihat rincian cerita, dan
merangsang anak untuk membuat sesuatu yang baru. (c) Dengan diberikannya cerita
berakhir terbuka, anak menunjukkan usaha untuk menciptakan sesuatu hal- hal baru
seperti akhir cerita.
Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan bercerita, menggambar dan cooperative
learning merupakan bantuan yang efektif dalam usaha membangun keterampilan
menulis anak. Oleh karena itu tindakan seperti ini perlu dilakukan untuk beberapa
kali sampai anak mengadopsi konsep berpikir yang ada di dalam ketiga kegiatan
tersebut.
Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
---|---|
Creators: | Creators NIM Email ORCID Prayogiwati, Agnes NIM69020071 UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED |
Contributors: | Contribution Contributors NIDN/NIDK Email Thesis advisor Markus, I Made UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED |
Additional Information: | T 69-02 PRA m |
Subjects: | L Education > LB Theory and practice of education > LB1028.3 Educational techology |
Divisions: | University Subject > Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Education > Master of Educational Technology Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Education > Master of Educational Technology |
Depositing User: | Phillips Iman Heri Wahyudi |
Date Deposited: | 21 May 2021 07:50 |
Last Modified: | 19 Nov 2021 08:50 |
URI: | http://repository.uph.edu/id/eprint/33247 |