Background: Elderly are people who are very risky to fall. This is because there are several factors that influence. For example cognitive, cognitive function in the elderly can cause slowing down of reaction time which can be done by elderly difficult or avoid problems that occur when slipping, stumbling is something that is easy to fall. Research Objectives: To examine the impact of cognitive risk factors affecting the risk of the elderly by using the literature assessment method. Research methods: This literature review uses a thematic analysis method: a simplified approach. The results of the data search process obtained 47,839 articles then five articles were included in the literature review. Based on the discussion of the article, it can be concluded that there are some cognitive problems with the risk of falling in the elderly. Recommendations: Direct research needs to be done for the elderly to directly produce results from this literature review.