Krematorium urban sebagai tempat memorial menggunakan strategi arsitektur narasi

Prathama, Antonius Priya (2021) Krematorium urban sebagai tempat memorial menggunakan strategi arsitektur narasi. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Masa berduka merupakan situasi yang sulit untuk dilalui. Terlepas latar belakang orang yang berbeda-beda, hampir semua orang pasti mengalami kepergian orang terdekatnya. Elizabeth Kubler-Ross, menjabarkan masa berduka ini dapat dibagi menjadi 5 tahap: denial, anger, bargaining, anger, dan acceptance. Dalam melalui tahapan berduka ini, David Kessler mengatakan bahwa orang membutuhkan makna positif demi bisa melanjutkan kehidupan mereka. Permasalahanya, desain krematorium kebanyakan tidak memperdulikan sisi psikologis orang berduka, sehingga gagal menyampaikan makna positif kepada penggunanya. Krematorium juga umumnya terletak jauh dari pusat kehidupan dan aktivitas sehari-hari. Hal ini membuat krematorium berperan sebagai tempat fungsional yang digunakan sekali saja. Kurangnya ruang untuk orang bisa berduka dan mencari makna dapat menyebabkan duka berkepanjangan (Prolonged Grief Disorder) dan kualitas hidup yang rendah. Dari permasalahan mengenai krematorium, penelitian mengenai strategi arsitektur narasi dilakukan untuk menyampaikan makna positif kepada orang berduka. Bersamaan dengan itu dilakukan juga penelitian mengenai penambahan program tempat memorial sebagai ruang berduka pada area urban. Proses penelitian dimulai dengan studi pustaka dari buku acuan Narrative Architecture dan Sacred Buildings: A Design Manual. Dilanjutkan dengan studi preseden 2 bangunan: Die Nieuwe Noorder dan Crematorium Siesegem. Kemudian, dilakukan juga survey kualitatif berupa kuesioner dengan 12 responden. Pendapatan kemudian dirangkum menghasilkan 7 strategi desain untuk sebuah krematorium urban. Perancangan dilakukan pada tapak daerah Menteng Atas, Setiabudi, sebuah area urban dengan aktivitas yang bervariasi. Menggunakan konsep “Mata Air Makna”, krematorium urban digambarkan sebagai sebuah tempat dimana orang dapat menemukan ketenangan dan makna positif pada area urban yang rumit. Rancangan membagi area tempat memorial dengan level serta indoor dan outdoor menghasilkan serangkaian massa bangunan melayang dengan taman dibawah. Dengan permainan pencahayaan, material, skala, dan sekuens, rancangan menciptakan serangkaian atmosfir yang berbeda./Grieving is commonly a tough situation to deal with. Nevertheless, almost everyone had to go through grieving regardless of their different background. Elizabeth Kubler-Ross, explained that grief itself is divided to 5 stages: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. David Kessler then extend this theory by adding a sixth stage which is to find meaning. Finding meaning helps a grieving person to get on with his/her life. Unfortunately, some crematorium design in Jakarta are ignorant to this psychological side of death. These crematorium fail to deliver any positive meaning to the people grieving. Aside from that, crematoriums are mainly located far from the center of daily activities (urban area). This make crematorium buildings a strictly fungtional place, and will only be used once a while. The lack of grieving spaces for people to find meaning through losses can in turn cause prolonged grief disorder and inclining quality of life. As these problem presents, a study was conducted about urban crematorium using narrative architecture to deliver meaning for grieving people. In parallel, the study explore possibilities of adding a memorial place to urban crematorium as a grieving space for urban dwellers. The study begins with literature research through Narrative Architecture by Nigel Coates and Sacred Buildings: A Design Manual by Rudolf Stegers. Two buildings: De Nieuwe Noorder and Crematorium Siegem, was chosen as precedent study, followed by qualitative survey through online questionnaire platform to 12 respondents. All findings were summarized, resulting seven design strategy for an urban crematorium. A dense urban complex in Menteng Atas, Setiabudi, Central Jakarta was chosen as the design site. Through the concept: “Oasis of Meaning”, urban crematorium depicts a space for people to grieve and find positive meaning through losses in the crowded and hectic urban setting. The design splits crematorial functions and memorial place with leveling, resulting a series of floating masses with green open spaces bellow. By organizing lighting, materials, scale, and sequence, the design creates a set of different atmospheres. The end result is a design of an urban crematorium that tries to deliver meaning to grieving people and urban dwellers.

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