Environmental issue on territorial dispute: a Case Study of South China Sea

Soselisa, Christ Daniel Michael Alexander (2021) Environmental issue on territorial dispute: a Case Study of South China Sea. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Laut Cina Selatan telah menjadi persimpangan geografis yang strategis dengan potensi sumber daya alam yang berlimpah, dan pada saat yang sama juga telah menjadi persimpangan kepentingan-kepentingan negara dan yang mengklaim batas laut teritorialnya, di mana sengketa wilayah yang sudah terjadi berlarut-larut selama beberapa dekade terakhir ini. Manuver politis tegas China di Laut China Selatan, sudah terbukti cukup destruktif melalui berbagai upaya dan tindakan nyata yang berdampak secara signifikan terhadap negara-negara pesisir di Laut China Selatan. Penelitian sebelumnya telah mengidentifikasi masalah keamanan tradisional tiap tahunnya menstimulasi dan menjadi akibat dari sengketa wilayah Laut Cina Selatan. Penelitian ini mencoba mengidentifikasi isuisu lingkungan yang menjadi implikasi baru dan krusial telah dan bersamaan terjadi di Laut Cina Selatan bersama dengan sengketa perbatasan laut. Selain itu, penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus, dengan pendekatan kualitatif dalam mengumpulkan dan menganalisis data. Teori dan konsep yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori hijau dan teori ekologi global. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini bahwa terdapat tiga isu lingkungan utama yang terjadi disebabkan oleh sengketa wilayah Laut China Selatan, yaitu penangkapan ikan yang berlebihan, pencemaran air dan pengerukan karang. Regional Asia Tenggara telah merespon isu lingkungan tersebut, melalui penciptaan kerjasama dalam hal pengelolaan sumber daya melalui ASEAN dan juga organisasi lingkungan eksternal, baik dalam lingkup PBB maupun NGO. Hal ini menunjukkan pentingnya pelestarian lingkungan di tengah sengketa wilayah Laut Cina Selatan sebagai cara untuk mengembangkan dinamika berkelanjutan dari politik internasional, diplomasi dan regionalisme di Laut Cina Selatan dan negara-negara pesisirnya. / South China Sea has been an intersection of a strategic geographic with tremendous potential of natural resources and at the same time also the intersection of states interests and territorial claims, in which the lingering territorial dispute that has occurred throughout these past decades. China’s assertive maneuver in South China Sea, has been proven destructive as efforts and concrete actions have been done that gave significant impact to the littoral states of South China Sea. Previous research has identified annual traditional security issues that stimulate and becomes the aftermath of South China Sea territorial dispute. This research is trying to identify the environmental issues that becomes a new and essential implication that the territorial dispute had caused and have coexisted in South China Sea along with the territorial dispute. In addition, this research uses case study method, with qualitative approach to gather and analyse the data. Theory and concept that is being used in this research is green theory and global ecological theory. The results gathered in this research is that there are three main environmental issues that occurred due and during the South China Sea territorial dispute, which are the overfishing, water pollution and coral dredging. The region has responded regarding these environmental issues, while creating management of cooperation through regionalism of ASEAN and also external environmental organizations, both UN and NGOs. This indicates the importance of environmental conservation amid South China Sea territorial dispute as a way to seize the further dynamics of international politics, diplomacy and regionalism in South China Sea and its littoral states.

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