Fleksibilitas perancangan sekolah dasar berdasarkan aspek pembangunan pasca pandemi = Flexibility of elementary school design based on post-pandemic development aspect

Hasiholan, Andreas (2021) Fleksibilitas perancangan sekolah dasar berdasarkan aspek pembangunan pasca pandemi = Flexibility of elementary school design based on post-pandemic development aspect. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Pandemi Covid-19 memberi dampak negatif bagi sebagian besar bidang termasuk pendidikan. Sekolah di Indonesia ditutup sejak minggu kedua bulan Maret 2020 karena dianggap rentan penularan virus. Penutupan sekolah ini dapat menjadi indikasi bahwa ada masalah pada desain sekolah. Salah satunya adalah aspek kesehatan di mana sekolah merupakan ruang yang memiliki sirkulasi udara tertutup. Selain itu, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa tipologi sekolah saat ini di Indonesia kurang lebih masih sama dengan tipologi sekolah pada saat Indonesia merdeka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi perancangan tipologi sekolah yang fleksibel, menemukan keselarasan desain antar aspek kesehatan, pendidikan, dan pembangunan, serta menemukan perancangan tipologi sekolah yang fleksibel. Melalui kajian literatur, webinar, dan analisis dari beberapa studi preseden serta kasus, ditemukan bahwa strategi perancangan sekolah yang fleksibel perlu memperhatikan aspek spasial dari setiap ruang agar ruangan dapat memiliki keberagaman fungsi yang sesuai dengan aktivitas pengguna, dan aspek teknikal yang menjadi titik berangkat dari masa pra-konstruksi dengan memilih metode pembangunan yang mudah, ringan dan cepat supaya sekolah memiliki fleksibilitas untuk berkembang seiring perubahan pedagogi terhadap waktu. Setelah menemukan strategi desain, perlu penyelarasan agar sinkron antara tiga variabel. Dari aspek kesehatan, bangunan memiliki keterbukaan terhadap pencahayaan dan penghawaan alami serta pemilihan material yang mudah dibersihkan, dari aspek pendidikan, bentuk sekolah yang memikirkan interaksi pengguna dan memiliki pusat pada ruang guru memudahkan pengawasan pada siswa. Strategi desain tersebut menjadi elemen pendukung dari sekolah fleksibel yang berangkat dari aspek pembangunan. Sekolah yang baik merupakan sekolah yang tanggap terhadap perubahan masa depan. Untuk mewujudkan itu, sekolah harus dapat beradaptasi sehingga konsep sekolah fleksibel menjadi jawaban untuk sekolah masa depan. Sekolah fleksibel memiliki kemampuan untuk berubah secara bentuk dan tata letak ruang karena pedagogi terus berkembang dan di masa depan mungkin sekolah akan memiliki bentuk berbeda dari hari ini. Konsep sekolah ini juga mengedepankan aspek kesehatan yang menjadi isu penting sejak pandemi. / The Covid-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on most aspects, including education. Schools in Indonesia had been closed since the second week of March 2020 because they were considered vulnerable to virus transmission. The closure of this school can be an indication that there is a problem with the school's design. One of them is the health aspect where the school is a space that has closed air circulation. In addition, this study finds that the current school typology in Indonesia is more or less the same as the school typology at the time of Indonesia's independence. This study aims to determine the strategy of designing a flexible school typology, to find a design alignment between aspects of health, education, and development, and to find a flexible school typology design. Through literature review, webinars, and analysis of several precedent and case studies, it was found that a flexible school design strategy needs to pay attention to the spatial aspects of each room so that the room can have a variety of functions that are in accordance with user activities, and technical aspects that become the starting point for the future. pre-construction by choosing an easy, light and fast construction method so that schools have the flexibility to develop as pedagogy changes over time. After finding the design strategy, it is necessary to align the three variables to be in sync. From the health aspect, the building has an openness to natural lighting and ventilation as well as the selection of materials that are easy to clean, from the educational aspect, the form of a school that thinks about user interaction and has a center in the teacher's room makes it easier to supervise students. The design strategy is a supporting element of a flexible school that departs from the development aspect. A good school is a school that is responsive to future changes. To realize that, schools must be able to adapt so that the flexible school concept becomes the answer for the school of the future. Flexible schools have the ability to change in form and layout of space because pedagogy continues to evolve and in the future it may be that schools will have a different shape than today. This school concept also puts forward the health aspect which has become an important issue since the pandemic.

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