Literature review: gambaran faktor risiko gagal ginjal kronik = Literature review: a description of risk factors for chronic kidney disease

Meiwati, Clara Lusiana and Rointan, Michella Irtauli and Agustine, Rizky Furi (2020) Literature review: gambaran faktor risiko gagal ginjal kronik = Literature review: a description of risk factors for chronic kidney disease. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Background: According to the National Kidney Foundation (2019), chronic kidney disease (CKD) is damage to the structure or function of the kidneys that occurs ≥ 3 months and caused by a gradual decrease in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). Patients show that they more likely to have low knowledge of the causes of CKD, and it leads to late diagnosis. Knowing the risk factors that cause CKD is one of the early prevention that we can do. Aim: To review and analyze existing studies regarding risk factors for chronic kidney failure. Method: This literature review will be using the systematic review as the method, using Google Scholar PubMed, Science Direct, and JSTOR as search databases and using PRISMA flow diagrams for the article selection process. Result: Modifiable risk factors include a history of disease (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and a history of other kidney diseases) lifestyle (smoking, obesity, history of drinking energy drinks, consumption of alcoholic beverages, and a high level of activity), as well as the history of drug use (history of consumption NSAIDs and history of consumption of herbal medicines). Risk factors for chronic kidney failure that cannot be modified include elderly, male sex, and socioeconomic). Recommendations: Many risk factors have not been investigated in detail regarding their relationship with CKD, so it is necessary to conduct further research on risk factors based on respondents and research locations.

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