Komitmen ASEAN dalam menciptakan lingkungan hidup yang berkelanjutan di kawasan Asia Tenggara

Eoudia, Sherlina (2021) Komitmen ASEAN dalam menciptakan lingkungan hidup yang berkelanjutan di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Perubahan Iklim membawa bumi dalam prediksi dan berbagai ancaman. Bumi akan mengalami kenaikan suhu 1,0 - 1,5 derajat selsius pada tahun 2030-2050. Masyarakat global mengantisipasi melalui konferensi-konferensi internasional seperti, Protokol Kyoto 1997, dan Paris Agreement 2015. ASEAN turut mengadaptasi hal tersebut sebagai upaya dalam menciptakan lingkungan hidup yang berkelanjutan di kawasan Asia Tenggara, dengan membentuk komitmen diantaranya ASEAN Declaration Environmental Sustainability, The ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution, ASEAN Marine Water Quality Management Guideline & Monitoring Manual, ASEAN Maritime Forum. ASEAN dengan sistem saling tergantung, terhubung dan mengutamakan kerja sama melalui komitmen yang ada, belum mampu mengatasi perubahan iklim. Dalam periode tahun 2016-2020 kejadian bencana alam di kawasan Asia Tenggara tercatat meningkat. Kebakaran Hutan dan lahan di Indonesia, mengakibatkan peristiwa banjir, mencemari udara dan ancaman kesehatan lintas negara, perburuan ikan dan limbah alat tangkap ikan, merusak ekosistem karang, peristiwa-peristiwa tersebut membawa bumi kini dalam krisis iklim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan serta menganalisis implementasi komitmen ASEAN terhadap lingkungan hidup berkelanjutan serta tantangan ASEAN dalam mengimplementasikan komitmen tersebut. Kajian tentang komitmen ASEAN dan perubahan iklim dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode penelitian deskriptif naratif. Pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan dengan studi kepustakaan dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ASEAN memiliki upaya mengatasi persoalan perubahan iklim melalui berbagai komitmen. Dari komitmen yang ada belum ditemukan signifikan keberhasilannya. Negara anggota cenderung mengatasi secara individu, dan pengaruh situasi domestik tiap-tiap negara berbeda. Hal tersebut merupakan tantangan ASEAN. Untuk mengimplementasikan gagasan pembangunan lingkungan hidup yang berkelanjutan, ASEAN harus menunjukan power dalam memberi sanksi kepada negara yang terbukti melakukan tindakan kerusakan lingkungan. Hal itu perlu dilakukan agar ASEAN dimata dunia menjalankan kepedulian lingkungan hidup dan melakukan prinsip ASEAN yaitu Rules Based Community. / Climate Change brings the earth in predictions and various threats. Earth will experience a temperature increase of 1.0 - 1.5 degrees Celsius in 2030-2050. The Global Community anticipates through international conferences such as the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, and the 2015 Paris Agreement. ASEAN has also adapted this as an effort to create a sustainable environment in the Southeast Asia region, by forming commitments including the ASEAN Declaration on Environmental Sustainability, The ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution, ASEAN Marine Water Quality Management Guideline & Monitoring Manual, ASEAN Maritime Forum. ASEAN, with its system of interdependence, connectedness, and prioritizing cooperation through existing commitments, has not been able to tackle climate change. In the 2016-2020 period, the incidence of natural disasters in the Southeast Asia region was recorded to increase. Forest and land fires in Indonesia, resulting in flooding, air pollution and transnational health threats, hunting for fish and fishing gear waste, damaging coral ecosystems, these events have brought the earth now in a climate crisis. This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of ASEAN's commitment to a sustainable environment and ASEAN's challenges in implementing this commitment. The study on ASEAN commitments and climate change was conducted using a qualitative approach and descriptive narrative research methods. Research data collection is done by literature study and interviews. The results of the study show that ASEAN has an effort to overcome the problem of climate change through various commitments. From the existing commitments, no significant success has been found. Member countries tend to deal with it individually, and the impact of each country's domestic situation is different. This is a challenge for ASEAN. To implement the idea of sustainable environmental development, ASEAN must show its power in giving sanctions to countries that are proven to have committed acts of environmental damage. This needs to be done so that ASEAN in the eyes of the world carries out environmental awareness and applies ASEAN principles, namely Rules Based Community.

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