Upaya Jepang menyelesaikan sengketa Kepulauan Kuril dengan Rusia semasa pemerintahan Shinzo Abe = Japan's effort to resolve the Kuril Islands dispute with Russia during the Shinzo Abe government

Kirana, Monica (2022) Upaya Jepang menyelesaikan sengketa Kepulauan Kuril dengan Rusia semasa pemerintahan Shinzo Abe = Japan's effort to resolve the Kuril Islands dispute with Russia during the Shinzo Abe government. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Sengketa Kepulauan Kuril telah mengganggu perbaikan hubungan antara Rusia dan Jepang sejak berakhirnya Perang Dunia II. Di bawah pemerintahan Perdana Menteri Jepang Shinzo Abe, upaya penyelesaian sengketa teritorial telah gencar dilakukan walaupun masih belum mencapai kesepakatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menelaah alasan Shinzo Abe memprioritaskan penyelesaian sengketa Kepulauan Kuril dengan Rusia, mengetahui bentuk upaya diplomasi apa saja yang telah dilakukan oleh Jepang dalam menyelesaikan sengketa dengan Rusia, dan mengkaji alasan sengketa belum terselesaikan. Kerangka dari penelitian ini adalah teori Realisme Neoklasik, juga konsep Perimbangan Kekuatan, Analisis Tingkat Individu, Diplomasi (Jalur I), dan Geopolitik. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode historis. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan dan penelusuran daring. Data-data tersebut kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis struktur peristiwa dan naratif. Penelitian ini menganalisis prioritas kebijakan dan ambisi Shinzo Abe yang bertekad diingat sebagai figur berdampak dan melanjutkan kerja ayahnya dalam rangka penyelesaian sengketa teritorial Kepulauan Kuril. Penelitian juga melihat nilai identitas Kepulauan Kuril untuk Jepang dan situasi keamanan kawasan yang mendorong Jepang untuk menyelesaikan sengketa. Dalam penelitian, upaya penyelesaian melalui diplomasi yang dijalankan Shinzo Abe seperti kunjungan negara dan negosiasi yang juga melibatkan beberapa instansi pemerintah dari kedua negara dijabarkan. Sengketa Kepulauan Kuril belum menemukan resolusi dan hambatan yang menyebabkan hal ini dibahas pula dalam penelitian. Hambatan-hambatan tersebut dikarenakan pandangan Rusia dan Jepang terhadap sistem internasional, kurangnya insentif yang ditawarkan, rasa nasionalisme yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat Jepang, dan perimbangan kekuatan yang dilakukan negara besar. / The Kuril Islands dispute has disrupted improved relations between Russia and Japan since the end of World War II. Under the government of Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, efforts to resolve territorial disputes have been vigorously carried out, although no agreement has yet been reached. This research is conducted to examine the reasons why Shinzo Abe prioritized the settlement of the Kuril Islands dispute with Russia, to find out the forms of diplomatic efforts that Japan has executed in resolving the dispute with Russia, and to examine the reasons for the unresolved dispute. The framework of this research is Neoclassical Realism theory, the concepts of Balance of Power, Individual Level Analysis, Diplomacy (Track I), and Geopolitics. This research is conducted using a qualitative approach with a historical method. The data is collected through literature study and online searches. The data is analyzed using event structure analysis and narrative analysis techniques. This research studies policy priorities and ambitions ofShinzo Abe who aspires to be remembered as an impactful figure and continue his father's work in resolving territorial disputes. The research also examines the identity of the Kuril Islands holds for Japan and the regional security situation that drives Japan to resolve the dispute. Efforts to resolve through diplomacy carried out by Shinzo Abe such as state visits and negotiations between some government agencies are also described. The Kuril Islands dispute has not yet found resolution and the obstacles that cause this are also discussed in the research. These complications are due to the views of Russia and Japan towards the international system, the lack of incentives, the sense of nationalism of the Japanese people and the balance of power carried out by the big countries.

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