Cultural relativism and liberalism: contending perspectives on female genital mutilation/cutting (fgm/c) in Indonesia

Meivi, Meivi (2022) Cultural relativism and liberalism: contending perspectives on female genital mutilation/cutting (fgm/c) in Indonesia. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

Preview	Text (Title) Title.pdf.pdf Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike. Download (35kB) | Preview
Preview	Text (Abstract) Abstract.pdf.pdf Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike. Download (365kB) | Preview
Preview	Text (ToC) ToC.pdf.pdf Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike. Download (983kB) | Preview
Preview	Text (Chapter1) Chapter1.pdf.pdf Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike. Download (1MB) | Preview
	Text (Chapter2) Chapter2.pdf.pdf Restricted to Registered users only Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike. Download (3MB)
	Text (Chapter3) Chapter3.pdf.pdf Restricted to Registered users only Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives. Download (682kB)
	Text (Chapter4) Chapter4.pdf.pdf Restricted to Registered users only Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike. Download (4MB)
	Text (Chapter5) Chapter5.pdf.pdf Restricted to Registered users only Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike. Download (675kB)
Preview	Text (Bibliography) Bibliography.pdf Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike. Download (1MB) | Preview
	Text (Appendices) Appendices.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike. Download (2MB)

Abstract

FGM/C or Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting is a practice of cutting female genitalia that has been going on in Indonesia for a long time. Since the reform era in Indonesia, there has been a debate between the two groups against FGM/C. The first group is religious organizations that consider the practice of FGM/C to be maintained because this practice is part of the tradition in Indonesia and an obligation for Muslims. The second group is non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that focus on women and humanitarian organizations and think that FGM/C should be abolished in Indonesia. This is because, internationally, the practice of FGM/C has been considered as part of human rights violations and has been proven to have no medical benefits. The debate between the two groups made the government unable to immediately take firm steps against the practice of FGM/C, even though the government was also under pressure from international organizations, including the United Nations (UN). This study aims to explain the development of the debate between liberal groups and cultural relativism since the reform era in Indonesia in constructivism. This study also wants to explain how this debate affects the Indonesian government's decision-making process on FGM/C and what the government has done. We can see how identity influences social norms, habits, and standards by applying constructivism theory. This is evidenced by the lack of efforts made by the government and the lax laws regarding human rights in Indonesia, including FGM/C. Even until now, FGM/C has not been regulated properly in the law; due to the contestation between the two parties, namely liberalism and cultural relativism./ FGM/C atau Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting merupakan praktek pemotongan alat kelamin perempuan yang sudah berlangsung di Indonesia sejak lama. Semenjak era reformasi, di Indonesia muncul perdebatan antara dua kelompok terhadap FGM. Kelompok pertama adalah organisasi keagamaan yang menganggap praktek FGM harus dipertahankan, karena praktek ini merupakan bagian dari tradisi di Indonesia, serta kewajiban bagi umat Muslim. Kelompok kedua adalah Lembaga swadaya masyarakat (LSM) yang bergerak di bidang perempuan serta organisasi kemanusiaan, yang menganggap praktek FGM/C seharusnya dihapuskan di Indonesia. Ini dikarenakan secara internasional, praktik FGM/C telah dianggap sebagai bagian dari pelanggaran hak asasi manusia, dan terbukti tidak memiliki keuntungan apa pun secara medis. Perdebatan dari kedua kelompok itu membuat pemerintah tidak dapat segera mengambil langkah tegas terhadap praktik FGM/C, meskipun pemerintah juga mendapat tekanan dari organisasi internasional, termasuk Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perkembangan perdebatan antara kelompok liberal dan kultural relativisme sejak era reformasi di Indonesia dalam keranga konstrutivisme. Penelitian ini juga ingin menjelaskan bagaimana perdebatan tersebut mempengaruhi proses pengambilan keputusan pemerintah Indonesia terhadap FGM/C, dan apa saja yang sudah dilakukan oleh pemerintah. Dengan mengaplikasikan teori konstruktivisme, kita dapat melihat bagaimana identitas, mempengaruhi norma, kebiasaan, dan standar sosial. Ini dibuktikan dengan belum banyak usaha yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah dan longgarnya hukum tentang hak asasi manusia di Indonesia, termasuk FGM/C. Bahkan sampai sekarang FGM/C belum diatur dalam undang-udang sendiri; dikarenakan kontestasi antara kedua pihak, yaitu liberalisme dan kultural relativisme.

Actions (login required)

View Item