Hubungan aktivitas fisik terhadap tingkat depresi pada pasien penyakit parkinson di masa pandemi = Relationship between physical activity and depression level in parkinson's disease during the pandemic

Kho, Valentine (2022) Hubungan aktivitas fisik terhadap tingkat depresi pada pasien penyakit parkinson di masa pandemi = Relationship between physical activity and depression level in parkinson's disease during the pandemic. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Aktivitas fisik merupakan cara terbaik yang dapat dilakukan manusia untuk meningkatkan kesehatannya. Namun angka orang yang memenuhi tingkat aktivitas fisik yang direkomendasikan masih rendah, dengan 1 dari 4 dewasa di dunia ditemukan tidak aktif secara fisik. Keadaan ini semakin diperparah dengan adanya pandemi Covid-19, yang mana aktivitas fisik sedang-berat ditemukan menurun hingga 41%. Kurangnya aktivitas fisik selama pandemi dapat meningkatkan risiko depresi. Depresi merupakan suatu gangguan mental dan sering ditemukan pada penderita penyakit kronis, salah satunya yaitu penyakit Parkinson dengan prevalensi depresi sebesar 30-50%. Depresi pada penyakit Parkinson dihubungkan dengan percepatan perburukan motorik dan kognitif, serta penurunan kualitas hidup. Seperti populasi umum, aktivitas fisik pada pasien Parkinson juga terpengaruh oleh pandemi ini, namun hal ini dapat menjadi ancaman yang serius bagi pasien Parkinson. Penelitian mengenai aktivitas fisik dan depresi pada pasien Parkinson di masa pandemi ini masih sedikit, terutama di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian mengenai hubungan aktivitas fisik terhadap tingkat depresi pada pasien Parkinson di masa pandemi ini perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian: Mengetahui hubungan aktivitas fisik terhadap tingkat depresi pada pasien penyakit Parkinson di masa pandemi. Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional. Sampel pada penelitian ini merupakan 30 pasien terdiagnosis Penyakit Parkinson yang berobat ke Poliklinik Neurologi Rumah Sakit Umum Siloam selama bulan Maret – Mei 2022. Kuesioner PASE dan GDS-15 digunakan untuk mengukur aktivitas fisik dan tingkat depresi subjek. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi. Hasil Penelitian: Nilai rata-rata aktivitas fisik subjek yang diukur dengan kuesioner PASE adalah 95,23 ± 52,962 dan nilai rata-rata depresi menggunakan kuesioner GDS-15 adalah 6,43 ± 2,763. Terdapat 56,7% subjek mengalami depresi ringan, 23,3% tanpa depresi, 13,3% depresi sedang, dan 6,7% depresi berat. Hasil uji korelasi spearman menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas fisik dengan tingkat depresi dengan kekuatan korelasi sedang dan berpola negatif (r = –0,448, p = 0,006). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas fisik terhadap tingkat depresi pada pasien penyakit Parkinson di masa pandemi. Kata kunci: aktivitas fisik, tingkat depresi, penyakit Parkinson. / Background: Physical activity (PA) is the best way humans can do to improve their health. However, the number of people meeting the recommended level of PA is low, with 1 in 4 adults worldwide was found to be physically inactive. This condition is worsened by the Covid-19 pandemic, in which moderate-vigorous PA was found to have decreased by 41%. A lack of PA during this pandemic could increase the risk of depression. Depression is a mental disorder and is often found in people having chronic disease, one of which is the Parkinson’s disease, with a prevalence of depression of 30-50%. Depression in Parkinson’s disease is associated with faster rate of motor and cognitive impairment and decreasing the quality of life. Like the common population, PA in Parkinson’s disease is also affected by the pandemic, but this could be a serious threat for them. Study about physical activity and depression in Parkinson’s disease during this pandemic is limited, especially in Indonesia. Therefore, further research is required to explore the relationship between physical activity and depression level in Parkinson’s disease during the pandemic. Objective: To determine the relationship between physical activity and depression level in Parkinson’s disease during the pandemic. Method: This is a cross sectional study. Samples in this study were 30 patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease who were visiting the Neurology Polyclinic of Siloam Hospitals from March to May 2022. The PASE and GDS-15 questionnaire were used to measure physical activity and depression level. Collected data are analyzed using correlation test. Results: Physical activity of samples assessed using the PASE questionnaire showed a mean score of 95,23 ± 52,962 and depression level assessed using the GDS-15 questionnaire showed a mean score of 6,43 ± 2,763. 56,7% of subject had mild depression, 23,3% without depression, 13,3% with moderate depression and 6,7% with severe depression. Spearman correlation analysis showed a significant relationship, with moderate and negative correlation between physical activity and depression level (r = –0,448, p = 0,006). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between physical activity and depression level in Parkinson’s disease during the pandemic. Keywords: physical activity, depression level, Parkinson’s disease

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