Medical malpractice is an incorrect activity carried out by a doctor and is not in accordance with standard operating procedures for patients. Patients in this case can claim compensation as a form of legal protection in fulfilling their rights because of negligence committed by doctors. But in fact, even though legal protection for patients has been regulated, patients still do not get clarity on the form of legal protection they receive. As in the decisions analyzed in this study, where the victim experienced malpractice, then sued the defendant and in the results of the decision the judge decided that the defendant did not need to serve the sentence that had been determined because there were mitigating circumstances. Therefore, this study was made to discuss how legal protection is for patients who are victims of malpractice. This study uses normative legal research methods, with a statutory approach and a case approach. This research can be a contribution to academic literature based on an analysis that a form of legal protection under the Law on Medical Practice and the Law on Health is that patients have the right to sue health workers or doctors to court to get justice against them. But it is still not found what form of loss can be accepted by the patient.