Perlindungan hukum terhadap penerima jaminan fidusia setelah berlakunya putusan mahkamah konstitusi nomor 18/PUU-XVII/2019 juncto putusan mahkamah konstitusi nomor 2/PUU-XIX/2021

Purwaningrum, Siti Nurmayda (2023) Perlindungan hukum terhadap penerima jaminan fidusia setelah berlakunya putusan mahkamah konstitusi nomor 18/PUU-XVII/2019 juncto putusan mahkamah konstitusi nomor 2/PUU-XIX/2021. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Semenjak berlakunya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 18/PUU-XVII/2019 Juncto Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 2/PUU-XIX/2021 membawa perubahan terhadap eksekusi Jaminan Fidusia. Pasal 15 Ayat (2) dan Pasal 15 Ayat (3) Undang-undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Jaminan Fidusia dianggap bertentangan dengan Undang-undang Dasar Tahun 1945. Setelah berlakunya Putusan tersebut, Penerima Jaminan Fidusia tidak dapat lagi sewenang-wenang dalam melaksanakan eksekusi jaminan fidusia, namun harus dengan adanya kesepakatan tentang cidera janji diawal dan Pemberi Jaminan Fidusia harus dengan sukarela menyerahkan objek jaminan fidusianya. Jika hal tersebut tidak ada, maka pelaksanaan eksekusi Jaminan Fidusia harus sama dengan Putusan pengadilan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap. Untuk melihat dampak dari Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 18/PUU-XVII/2019 Juncto Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 2/PUU-XIX/2021, diperlukan penelitian mengenai perlindungan hukum terhadap Penerima Jaminan Fidusia khususnya dalam pelaksanaan eksekusi objek jaminan fidusia. Dalam penelitian ini, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan Perundang-undangan dan juga pendekatan kasus, yaitu dengan melihat ketentuan-ketentuan eksekusi yang berlaku pada Perundang-undangan di Indonesia dan kekhawatiran yang dialami oleh penerima fidusia atas ketentuan setelah terbitnya Putusan tersebut. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ketentuan mengenai eksekusi objek jaminan fidusia dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 18/PUU-XVII/2019 Juncto Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 2/PUU-XIX/2021 belum dapat sepenuhnya memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap Penerima Jaminan Fidusia selaku pemegang sertifikat jaminan fidusia, karena dengan adanya ketentuan dalam putusan tersebut akan membuat waktu dan biaya tambahan yang dibutuhkan untuk melakukan eksekusi ketina Pemberi Jaminan Fidusia melakukan wanprestasi dan hal tesebut dapat memberikan celah bagi Pemberi Jaminan Fidusia untuk dapat melakukan tindakan tidak baik dengan melakukan pengalihan, penggelapan, bahkan menghilangkan objek jaminan ketika menunggu proses permohonan eksekusi pada Pengadilan Negeri setempat./ Since the enactment of Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019 Juncto Constitutional Court Decision Number 2/PUU-XIX/2021, there have been changes regarding the execution of Fiduciary Guarantees. Article 15 Paragraph (2) and Article 15 Paragraph (3) of Law Number 42 of 1999 concerning Fiduciary Guarantees are considered to be in conflict with the 1945 Constitution. Following this decision, The Fiduciary Guarantee Recipient can no longer arbitrarily execute the fiduciary guarantee but must have an agreement on the breach of contract from the beginning, and the Fiduciary Grantor must voluntarily surrender the fiduciary object. If these conditions are not met, the execution of the Fiduciary Guarantee must follow the final and binding court decision. Assess the impact of Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019 Juncto Constitutional Court Decision Number 2/PUU-XIX/2021, research is needed on the legal protection for the Fiduciary Guarantee Recipient, particularly in the execution of fiduciary objects. This research collects data using a legislative approach and a case approach, by examining the applicable execution provisions in Indonesian legislation and the concerns experienced by fiduciary recipients regarding the provisions after the issuance of the aforementioned decision. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the provisions regarding the execution of fiduciary objects in Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019 Juncto Constitutional Court Decision Number 2/PUU-XIX/2021 have not fully provided legal protection for the Fiduciary Guarantee Recipient as the holder of the fiduciary certificate. This is because the provisions in the decision require additional time and costs to execute when the Fiduciary Grantor breaches the contract. These requirements also create opportunities for the Fiduciary Grantor to engage in unfavorable actions, such as transfer, embezzlement, or even removal of the collateral object while awaiting the execution application process in the local District Court.

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