Problematika regulasi perdagangan karbon di Indonesia

Situmeang, Monica Elizabeth Dina (2023) Problematika regulasi perdagangan karbon di Indonesia. Masters thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Sebagai implementasi dari United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (selanjutnya disebut “UNFCCC”) yang ditindaklanjuti dengan Protokol Kyoto Tahun 1997 (selanjutnya disebut “Protokol Kyoto”) dan Paris Agreement to the UNFCCC Tahun 2015 (selanjutnya disebut “Paris Agreement”), Pemerintah Republik Indonesia memiliki komitmen untuk mencapai target net zero emissions pada tahun 2060 atau lebih cepat dari target tersebut. Dalam dokumen Nationally Determined Contribution (selanjutnya disebut “NDC”) terbaru, Indonesia menaikkan target pengurangan emisi menjadi 31,89% (tiga puluh satu koma delapan sembilan puluh sembilan persen) di tahun 2030 mendatang dengan target dukungan internasional sebesar 43,20% (empat puluh tiga koma dua kosong persen). Pada tulisan ini, akan dibahas mengenai implementasi kebijakan yang sudah diatur, baik dalam kerangka hukum internasional maupun nasional terkait perdagangan karbon pada pasar domestik di Indonesia. Namun demikian, hingga tulisan ini dibuat masih terdapat kendala-kendala pada tataran praktik. Selain itu, Bursa Karbon sebagai pasar sekunder yang diamatkan oleh Undang-Undang No. 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan (selanjutnya disebut “UU PPSK”) yang infrastrukturnya sedang disiapkan dan akan diatur oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (selanjutnya disebut “OJK”) hingga saat ini belum dirampungkan dan belum diterbitkan peraturan pelaksananya. Diharapkan tulisan ini dapat bermanfaat untuk mengetahui secara jelas mekanisme perdagangan karbon dan memberikan masukan untuk regulator dan/atau Pemerintah Republik Indonesia untuk mewujudkan komitmen bersama dalam mencapai target pengurangan emisi. / As the implementation of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (hereinafter shall be referred to as “UNFCCC”) which is continued by Kyoto Protocol of 1997 (“Protokol Kyoto”) and Paris Agreement to the UNFCC of 2015 (“Paris Agreement”), the Government of Republic of Indonesia has commitment to achieve the net zero emissions on 2060 or faster than that target. In the latest Nationally Determined Contribution (hereinafter shall be referred to as “NDC”) document, Indonesia has increased the emission reduction target to be 31.89% (thirty-one point eight nine percent) in the upcoming 2030 with a target of international support of 43.20% (forty three point two percent). In this paper, we will discuss the implementation of regulated policies, both within international and national legal frameworks related to carbon trading in the domestic market in Indonesia. Aside from the foregoing, the Carbon Market as the secondary market which is mandated by Law No. 4 of 2023 concerning the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector (hereinafter shall be referred to as “UU PPSK”), the infrastructure of which has been prepared and will be further regulated under the authority of Financial Service Authority (hereinafter shall be referred to as “OJK”) as up to date has not been completed and its implementing regulations have not been issued. It is hoped that this paper will be useful for clearly understanding the mechanism of carbon trading and provide input for regulators and/or the Government of the Republic of Indonesia to realize their shared commitment to achieving emission reduction targets.

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