Conboy, Maria Gratia Sari Soetopo (2012) Kontroversi mengenai kebijakan pemerintah: suatu studi perspektif terhadap pertanggungjawaban hukum atas tanggapan pemerintah dalam krisis keuangan. Doctoral thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.
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Abstract
Since the 1980s, most Asian countries implemented a liberalization of their financial system to
improve services to the public and to assist the development of the economy. This liberalization
movement resulted in rapid and massive economic growth through the creation of innovative
financial products which attracted investors both locally and internationally. In the middle of
1997, however, a crisis occurred in most Asian nations, such as Thailand, Korea, Malaysia, and
Singapore, which later spread to Latin American and European countries. Unfortunately, Indonesia was hit the worst by this crisis via the contagion effect. The crisis resulted in many
banks being incapacitated during the clearing process, triggering public panic which led to bank
rushes. This situation forced banks to request emergency assistance from Bank Indonesia as the
"Lender of Last Resort." In response, Bank Indonesia gave assistance to troubled banks with
liquidity support called "Bantuan Likuiditas Bank Indonesia" ("BLBI") or Bank Indonesia
Liquidity Support. As explored in this dissertation the legal accountability of implementing
BLBI policy is under the jurisdiction of Administrative Law, not Criminal or Corruption Courts. Furthermore, BLBI policy can be legally justified based on an Economic Analysis of Law and
applying the method of Cost Benefit Analysis whereby benefits to the society are deemed higher
than the costs. Therefore, BLBI policy can be considered to be “an efficient policy” as it served
“justice to society” as a whole. Because of the global financial crisis that has impacted
economies worldwide, Law No. 21 Year 2011 on the Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK), or the
Financial Services Authority, was enacted. The implementation of Protocol Crisis Management
by the Forum Koordinasi Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan (FKSSK), or Coordinating Financial
Stability System Forum, will likely result in inefficiency and lead to higher costs than “benefits
to society”. By contrast, Law No. 13 Year 1968 on the Central Bank initially granted authority to
Bank Indonesia to respond to financial crisis. This latter law has already been proved "efficient," and thus can be deemed a "just" law. This research is a judicial normative study conducted
through a method of assessing and examining legal principles, specifically the norms used by the
Indonesian Government and Bank Indonesia in their policy responses to financial crisis. / Selama dekade 1980-an, hampir seluruh negara di kawasan Asia mengambil kebijakan untuk
meliberalisasikan sistem keuangannya untuk menyediakan dana bagi masyarakat luas untuk
memenuhi kebutuhannya sehingga dapat mendorong terjadinya pertumbuhan ekonomi. Liberasiasi ini mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi secara cepat dan luas melalui produk-produk
keuangan yang inovatif dan dapat menarik perhatian para invenstor asing maupun dalam
negeri. Pada pertengahan tahun 1997 terjadi krisis di hampir seluruh negara di kawasan Asia, seperti Thailand, Korea, Malaysia, serta Singapura dan pada akhirnya menyebar ke kawasan
Amerika Latin dan negara-negara Eropa. Indonesia mengalami dampak yang sangat buruk. Krisis keuangan mengakibatkan banyak bank kalah kliring sehingga memicu masyarakat untuk
menarik uang mereka di bank secara besar-besaran atau rush. Akibatnya bank kemudian
meminta bantuan BI sebagai lender of the last resort. Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang
pertanggungjawaban yuridis pemerintah dalam pengucuran Bantuan Likuiditas Bank Indonesia
berdasarkan Hukum Administrasi Negara (HAN) atau Hukum Tata Usaha Negara (HTUN), dan
bukan berdasarkan ketentuan korupsi menurut Hukum Pidana. Dalam perspekstif Hukum
Analisis Ekonomi, BLBI merupakan suatu kebijakan (policy) pemerintah yang secara hukum
dapat dibenarkan dan diterapkan berdasarkan analisis biaya dan manfaat akan memberikan
manfaat yang besar bagi masyarakat dibandingkan dengan biaya yang telah dikeluarkan dalam
merespon krisis. Oleh karena itu kebijakan BLBI merupakan biaya yang sangat efisien dalam
membangun social wealth maximization secara menyeluruh. Mengingat krisis keuangan telah
menimbulkan dampak buruk bagi perekonomian global maka Pemerintah dan DPR mengesahkan
UU No. 21 Tahun 2011 Tentang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). Penerapan Protokol Krisis
melalui Forum Koordinasi Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan (FKSSK) dapat dipastikan akan
menimbulkan inefisiensi biaya dan akan merugikan masyarakat. Hal ini bertentangan dengan
penerapan UU No. 13 Tahun 1968 Tentang Bank Sentral yang memberikan kewenangan kepada
Bank Indonesia dalam penanganan krisis keuangan. UU No. 13 Tahun 1968 sebenarnya telah
terbukti efisien dan berkeadilan. Metode Pendekatan yang dipergunakan adalah metode yuridis
normatif dengan mempelajari dan mengkaji asas-asas hukum khususnya kaidah-kaidah hukum
positif mengenai kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia dan Bank Indonesia dalam merespon krisis
keuangan.
Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
---|---|
Creators: | Creators NIM Email ORCID Conboy, Maria Gratia Sari Soetopo NIM57100001 maria.soetopo@gmail.com UNSPECIFIED |
Contributors: | Contribution Contributors NIDN/NIDK Email Thesis advisor Arinanto, Satya UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Thesis advisor Djiwandono, J. Soedradjad UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Thesis advisor Adji, Indriyanto Seno UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED |
Subjects: | K Law > K Law (General) |
Divisions: | University Subject > Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Law > Doctor of Law Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Law > Doctor of Law |
Depositing User: | Maria Gracia Sari Soetopo Conboy |
Date Deposited: | 22 Aug 2023 02:22 |
Last Modified: | 22 Aug 2023 02:22 |
URI: | http://repository.uph.edu/id/eprint/57915 |