In order to maintain a balance between the obligation to preserve the environment and fulfilment of the need for natural resources, pengelolaan sumber daya alam idealnya dilakukan dengan memperhatikan aspek ekologis. However, the issues arising from the management of mining permits due to the regulations and implementation of Law Number 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining, as amended several times, most recently with Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation (Mineral and Coal Mining Law/UU Minerba), continue to cause problems in the current mining operations. This has prompted the preparation of this article to examine, compile, and reconstruct the ideal criminal sanctions within the policy of mineral and coal mining (Minerba) permits. In formulating its arguments, this article utilizes the normative legal research method supported by the economic analysis of law (EAL) method. The results of this study essentially indicate various issues in the governance of Indonesia's mineral and coal mining sector. From a regulatory perspective, the current provisions of Article 162 and Article 165 of the Mining Law still have weaknesses. Furthermore, the lack of law enforcement due to weak supervision and public participation also contributes to the weak compliance of the community, especially mining permit holders, with the legislation. Berbagai masalah tersebut pada intinya menunjukkan bahwa Pemerintah perlu melakukan kebijakan untuk mewujudkan tata kelola sektor pertambangan yang selaras dengan nilai keadilan ekologis. These various issues ultimately demonstrate the need for the government to implement policies that align with the principles of ecological justice in the mining sector. Therefore, the government needs to take the initiative to revise the Mining Law and develop and strengthen the digitization of the mineral and coal mining permit monitoring system. Moreover, the police, especially the Bareskrim (Criminal Investigation Agency) and other law enforcement institutions, need to intensify their supervision over the execution of the duties of their apparatus. Keywords: sanction system, licensing, mining, ecological justice