Penanganan terhadap perang antarkartel narkoba internasional Meksiko pascapenandatanganan Merida Initiative tahun 2008

Wijaya, Bintang Dahiling (2023) Penanganan terhadap perang antarkartel narkoba internasional Meksiko pascapenandatanganan Merida Initiative tahun 2008. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Peredaran narkoba merupakan masalah pelik yang dihadapi oleh Amerika Serikat dan Meksiko. Masalah narkoba yang dihadapi Amerika Serikat berhubungan dengan ketidakmampuan Meksiko dalam menangani konflik yang disebabkan kartel narkoba. Merida Initiative adalah perjanjian kerja sama yang bertujuan untuk menangani masalah kartel narkoba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti bagaimana kontribusi Merida Initiative terhadap penanganan organisasi kejahatan transnasional beserta dengan jaringannya. Juga dampak dari penanganan yang telah dilakukan terhadap organisasi kejahatan transnasional. Realisme Klasik dan Teori Kerja Sama Internasional menjadi landasan teoritis. Sementara, pendekatan kualitatif dan metode deskriptif menjadi landasan pengumpulan dan analisis data. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa Merida Initiative merupakan bentuk kerja sama di mana Amerika Serikat berperan memberikan bantuan pendanaan, pelatihan, dan reformasi lembaga kepada Meksiko. Selain memberi bantuan kepada Meksiko, Amerika Serikat juga melakukan sejumlah upaya melalui operasi-operasi tertentu untuk mengamankan perbatasan dari tindak penyeludupan sekaligus lalui operasi intelijen Amerika Serikat di Meksiko. Di lain pihak, penandatanganan Merida Initiative oleh pemerintah Meksiko merupakan salah satu upaya Meksiko dalam mengurangi tindak kejahatan akibat peredaran narkoba, serta, memberantas kartel narkoba beserta dengan jaringannya. Upaya Meksiko dalam memenuhi tanggung jawab terhadap Merida Initiative melalui penerimaan bantuan, pembelian sejumlah peralatan yang digunakan untuk memberantas kartel narkoba, hingga melakukan reformasi terhadap lembaga negara dan undang-undang. Namun, ditemukan bahwa Merida Initiative masih belum efektif dalam memberantas tindak kejahatan transnasional terorganisir. Dalam pengaplikasiannya terdapat sejumlah kritik dan kegagalan baik dari pihak Amerika Serikat maupun Meksiko yang membuat Merida Initiative menjadi tidak efektif dalam menangani masalah narkoba dalam kedua negara. / Drug trafficking is a complicated problem faced by the United States and Mexico. The drug problem facing the United States is related to Mexico's inability to handle conflicts caused by drug cartels. The Merida Initiative is a cooperation agreement aimed at dealing with the problem of drug cartels. This research aims to examine how the Merida Initiative contributes to handling transnational criminal organizations and their networks. Also the impact of the handling that has been carried out against transnational criminal organizations. Classical Realism and International Cooperation Theory became the theoretical basis. Meanwhile, a qualitative approach and descriptive methods are the basis for data collection and analysis. The results of this research reveal that the Merida Initiative is a form of cooperation in which the United States plays a role in providing funding, training and institutional reform to Mexico. Apart from providing assistance to Mexico, the United States also made a number of efforts through certain operations to secure the border from smuggling as well as through United States intelligence operations in Mexico. On the other hand, the signing of the Merida Initiative by the Mexican government is one of Mexico's efforts to reduce crime due to drug trafficking, as well as eradicate drug cartels and their networks. Mexico's efforts to fulfill its responsibilities towards the Merida Initiative include receiving aid, purchasing a number of equipment used to eradicate drug cartels, and carrying out reforms to state institutions and laws. However, it was found that the Merida Initiative was still not effective in eradicating transnational organized crime. In its application there were a number of criticisms and failures from both the United States and Mexico which made the Merida Initiative ineffective in dealing with drug problems in both countries.

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