Indonesia’s national interests in its non-recognition of Kosovo

Mandagi, Cindy Annemarie Frieda (2017) Indonesia’s national interests in its non-recognition of Kosovo. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Deklarasi kemerdekaan Kosovo dari Serbia yang dilakukan secara sepihak pada tahun 2008 mencetuskan suatu perselisihan dalam komunitas internasional tentang pengakuan terhadap Kosovo. Meskipun negara-negara dunia tetap terbagi dalam masalah ini, belakangan ini dukungan terhadap Kosovo mencapai suatu titik dimana mayoritas negara anggota Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa memilih untuk mengakui kemerdekaan Kosovo. Walaupun dihadapi dengan berbagai tekanan untuk mengakui aksi pemisahan diri yang dilakukan oleh Kosovo, Indonesia tetap pada posisi kebijakan luar negerinya yang tidak mengakui kemerdekaan Kosovo. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menjelaskan alasan mengapa Indonesia memilih untuk tidak memberikan pengakuan tersebut, dan membuktikan bahwa Indonesia bersikap seperti ini karena sesuai dengan kepentingan nasional yang bersifat vital dan non-vital. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik yang berbasis kepustakaan atau teoritis, dengan melalui suatu proses analisis validitas dan kredibilitas. Data diperoleh menggunakan teknik narrative analysis, dengan menciptakan suatu hubungan antara berbagai segmen. Terdapat suatu kaitan antara teori realisme dalam studi Hubungan Internasional dan konsep-konsep seperti kepentingan nasional dan kelangsungan suatu negara, dengan realitas dimana Indonesia mengambil posisi sebagai negara yang tidak memberikan pengakuan atas deklarasi kemerdekaan Kosovo. Dari hasil penelitian, dapat dimengerti bahwa alasan pokok dalam posisi kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia terhadap Kosovo adalah kepentingan nasional negara Indonesia sendiri. Seperti yang diprediksi oleh pandangan para realis dalam ilmu Hubungan Internasional, Indonesia dapat mengabaikan kewajiban moral tertentu untuk memastikan atau menjamin kelangsungan hidup negaranya sendiri. Konsep keutuhan wilayah diprioritaskan dalam hirarki kepentingan pemerintah negara Indonesia dalam menghadapi isu Kosovo. / The unilateral declaration of Kosovo from Serbia in 2008 had sparked a wide split in the international community in regards to its recognition. Though countries have remained divided upon this issue for years, recently support for Kosovo has grown to a point in which the majority of United Nations member states have chosen to recognize its independence. Despite facing pressures to recognize Kosovo’s act of secession, Indonesia, however, has consistently been displaying a foreign policy position of non-recognition towards Kosovo’s independence. This thesis aims to explain the reasons behind Indonesia’s nonrecognition policy and prove that Indonesia acts this way due to its several vital and non-vital interests. Data collection was conducted using a library-based, or theoretical-based, technique, undergoing a through analysis of validity and credibility. Data was analyzed using a narrative analysis technique, providing a common link between the various segments. A connection is made between the realist theory of International Relations and concepts of national interest and state survival, with the reality of Indonesia’s policy of non-recognition towards Kosovo. The result of this research shows the underlying reasons behind Indonesia’s foreign policy position towards Kosovo, which are its national interests. As predicted by the realist school, Indonesia may ignore certain moral obligations in order to ensure the survival of the state. The concept of territorial integrity is prioritized at the top of the hierarchy of interests of the Indonesian government in the case of Kosovo.

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