Sekuritisasi Indonesian haze pada masa kepresidenan Joko Widodo = The securitization of Indonesian haze during Joko Widodo's presidency

Tan, Gracia Nicole (2020) Sekuritisasi Indonesian haze pada masa kepresidenan Joko Widodo = The securitization of Indonesian haze during Joko Widodo's presidency. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

Indonesian Haze adalah sebuah isu keamanan lingkungan yang telah terjadi selama lebih dari dua dekade, dari tahun 1997 sampai tahun 2019. Indonesian Haze sendiri adalah peristiwa kebakaran hutan dan lahan juga penyebaran kabut asap yang disebabkan oleh pembakaran lahan di pulau Sumatera, Kalimantan dan sejumlah daerah bagian Indonesia barat, yang telah banyak merugikan masyarakat dan dampaknya menyebar hingga negara tetangga. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis apakah sekuritisasi diperlukan, dan apa saja upaya sekuritisasi pemerintah Indonesia pada masa kepresidenan Joko Widodo, agar isu ini dapat teratasi. Teori konstruktivis serta konsep sekuritisasi, keamanan lingkungan, dan keamanan non-tradisional digunakan sebagai dasar kerangka berpikir dari penelitian ini. Selanjutnya, penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk menjabarkan fenomena kebakaran hutan dan lahan, serta penyebaran kabut asap yang sedang berlangsung. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi pustaka dan penelusuran daring, yang hasilnya akan dikelompokkan dan dianalisis dengan teknik naratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan konsep sekuritisasi, Indonesian Haze merupakan ancaman keamanan nasional karena menghadirkan ancaman eksistensial yang berdampak langsung pada keberlangsungan referent object perekonomian, perpolitikan, dan lingkungan di Indonesia sehingga perlu tindakan sekuritisasi. Sekuritisasi pun sudah dilakukan dalam bentuk speech act oleh Presiden Joko Widodo sebagai aktor sekuritisasi dengan tujuan untuk membentuk pola pikir dan tindakan masyarakat Indonesia sebagai audiens agar melihat Indonesian Haze sebagai ancaman yang perlu untuk segera diatasi. / Indonesian Haze is an environmental security issue that has occurred for more than two centuries, since 1997 to 2019. Indonesian Haze itself is an event of forest and land fires as well as the spread of smoke haze caused by land burning on the islands of Sumatra, Kalimantan and a number of areas in Western Indonesia. Throughout the years this event has done huge harm to the Indonesian society and has even spread to neighbouring countries. Therefore, this study is conducted to analyse whether or not securitization is needed, along with, what effort has the Indonesian government conducted during Joko Widodo's presidency, in order to resolve this issue. The constructivist theory and the concepts of securitization, environmental security, and non-traditional security are used as the foundation and framework of this research. Moving on, this study is a qualitative study that uses the descriptive method to describe the phenomenon of forest and land fires, as well as the ongoing spread of haze. The data collection techniques are carried out through literature studies and online searches, where the results are then grouped and analysed with the narrative technique. At the end, the study results showed that based on the concept of securitization, Indonesian Haze can be stated as a national security threat because it has been proven to consist existential threats that has a direct impact on the sustainability of Indonesia’s economy, politics and environmental referent objects, thus, securitization is indeed needed. Securitization efforts has already been carried out in the form of a speech act done by President Joko Widodo as the Indonesian Haze securitization actor. The speech acts done has the aim of constructing the mindset and actions of the Indonesian citizens as the audience, to see Indonesian Haze as a threat that needs to be addressed immediately.

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