The purpose of this research is to analyze, from a legal perspective, the role of consular representatives in protecting citizens of the sending country who are abroad, particularly those facing legal issues. In this study, the author employs a qualitative analysis. Qualitative means that the author uses the opinions of experts, doctrines, theories, and regulations as the basis for justification in this research. The results of the study indicate that in the role of state protection, besides the role of the representatives of the sending country, the receiving country also has obligations that must be fulfilled to realize the right to protection. This protection is known as Mandatory Consular Notification (MCN), as a result of cooperation agreed upon by countries party to the 1963 Vienna Convention. However, unfortunately, this is not mandatory but optional. Nevertheless, it is important to remember that to achieve good protection for citizens, the roles of the citizens, the sending country, and the receiving country are all necessary to foster good and harmonious international relations. Consular Notification plays a primary role in the protection of citizens because all information received by the sending country regarding its citizens who are in trouble can only be obtained from the receiving country. Therefore, it is important for countries that have consular relations to establish MCN cooperation to facilitate the protection process for their citizens who are abroad.