Peran Indonesia dalam pembentukan code of conduct untuk mengatasi ketegangan di laut Cina Selatan

EP, Made Basma Khanbibi (2020) Peran Indonesia dalam pembentukan code of conduct untuk mengatasi ketegangan di laut Cina Selatan. Bachelor thesis, Universities Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

The South China Sea Region (SCS) consists of the Spratly and Paracels islands. This area has abundant natural wealth. The existence of these natural resources states that the People's Republic of China (PRC) claims disputes in the SCS region. PRC claims are based on "historic waters" by forming "nine dash lines" as their traditional fishing grounds. RRT claims for the participation of countries bordering with Indonesia who participated in the coverage in the Natuna Waters. PRC’s Nine Dash line have established rules set by the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS 1982). Indonesia as a non-claimant state and has a identity as a peacemaker, Indonesia took steps to overcome difficulties in the LCS through the role of Indonesia in the formation of the Code of Conduct (CoC). This study uses qualitative descriptive research methods. The author uses this method for conducting research, the author uses data and information obtained from secondary data, through secondary data needed in this study including containing official government sites, official sites, journal articles, print media, online media and books. The results showed that Indonesia had participated in the resolution of conflicts in the SCS through meeting forums initiated by Indonesia such as the Workshop on Potential Conflict in the South China Sea, ASEAN Senior Official Meeting, ASEAN Maritime Forum (AMF), The 1st Expanded ASEAN Maritime Forum (EAMF), and other forums. These forums are Indonesia's role in forming or realizing CoC in SCS. In addition, Indonesia also has political and economic goals, Indonesian politics that wants to settle in SCS peacefully, economically Indonesia wants to protect Natuna. It also cannot be separated from Indonesia's desire to build a good image and dignity in the eyes of the international world. Kawasan Laut Cina Selatan (LCS) terdiri dari kepulauan Spratly dan Paracels. Kawasan ini memiliki kekayaan alam yang melimpah. Adanya kekayaan alam tersebut memicu negara Republik-Rakyat Tiongkok (RRT) melakukan klaim sengketa di kawasan LCS. Klaim RRT dilakukan berdasarkan “historic waters”dengan membentuk “nine dash lines” sebagai wilayah traditional fishing ground mereka. Klaim RRT memicu ketegangan diantara negara-negara yang berbatasan begitu juga dengan Indonesia yang ikut terkena dampaknya di Perairan Natuna. Nine dash line milik RRT telah melanggar aturan yang sudah ditetapkan oleh United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS 1982). Indonesia sebagai non-claimant state dan memiliki identitas sebagai peacemaker maka Indonesia mengambil langkah untuk mengatasi ketegangan di LCS melalui peran Indonesia dalam pembentukan Code of Conduct (CoC). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian deskriptif. Penulis menggunakan metode ini karena dalam melakukan penelitian, penulis menggunakan data-data dan informasi yang diperoleh dari data sekunder, sedangkan data sekunder yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian ini antara lain berupa situs resmi pemerintah, website resmi, artikel jurnal, media cetak, media online dan buku-buku. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia telah berperan secara signifikan untuk mengatasi ketegangan di LCS melalui sejumlah forum-forum pertemuan yang diinisiasikan oleh Indonesia seperti diadakannya lokakarya Workshop Potential conflict in the South China Sea, ASEAN Senior Official Meeting, ASEAN Maritime Forum (AMF), The 1st Expanded ASEAN Maritime Forum (EAMF), dan forum lainnya. Forum-forum tersebut merupakan peran Indonesia dalam membentuk atau mewujudkan CoC di LCS. Selain itu, Indonesia juga memiliki tujuan politik dan ekonomi, secara politik Indonesia ingin mengatasi ketegangan di LCS secara damai, secara ekonomi Indonesia ingin melindungi Perairan Natuna. Selain itu juga tidak terlepas dari keinginan Indonesia dalam membangun citra dan martabat yang baik di mata dunia internasional.

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