Praktik sweatshop oleh labor intensive Multinational Corporations (MNCs) di Indonesia tahun 2011-2019 = Sweatshops practices by labor intensive Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in Indonesia (2011-2019)

Christie, Vanessa Joanne Hosiana (2020) Praktik sweatshop oleh labor intensive Multinational Corporations (MNCs) di Indonesia tahun 2011-2019 = Sweatshops practices by labor intensive Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in Indonesia (2011-2019). Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.

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Abstract

The sweatshop phenomenon which has been thought to be an old issue is still happening in developing countries, one of them is Indonesia. The large number of human resources but with unskilled conditions in this third world country makes the capitalists, especially labor-intensive companies, tempted by the opportunity to get even greater profits. The purpose of this research is to describe the condition of the Indonesian sweatshop phenomenon by MNCs with the aim of looking at the level of welfare of Indonesian workers and seeing how the Indonesian Government responds to this phenomenon. The data collection in this study was carried out with literature study techniques, online searches, primary data and also interviews about the issue of wage labor Dinas Ketenagakerjaan Tangerang in the field of Industrial Relations. In examining the issue of sweatshop in Indonesia, the author chose to use Marxism as the basis of the author's theory in explaining the sweatshop phenomenon carried out by MNCs, because from author’s opinion the matchest theory to criticize the issue of exploitation so far is the theory put forward by Karl Marx. From the results of the study, will able to be see the forms of sweatshop phenomena that occur in Indonesia, the Government's bargaining position towards MNCs over economic cooperation relations, the role of the Government which should be the main hope of the lower class workers to be able to protect labor rights but often do not play their position properly so that labor exploitation often continues to repeat, and also see the role of NGOs in the sweatshop phenomenon in Indonesia. / Fenomena sweatshop yang selama ini dikira menjadi isu lama ternyata masih juga terjadi di negara berkembang, salah satunya Indonesia. Banyaknya sumber daya manusia namun dengan kondisi unskilled labor yang melimpah di negara dunia ketiga ini membuat kaum kapitalis, terlebih perusahaan labor intensive tergiur atas peluang mendapatkan profit yang lebih besar lagi. Dibuatnya penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjabarkan kondisi fenomena sweatshop Indonesia oleh MNCs dengan maksud tujuan melihat tingkat kesejahteraan buruh di Indonesia dan melihat bagaimana Pemerintah Indonesia dalam menyikapi fenomena ini. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik studi pustaka, penelusuran daring, data primer dan juga wawancara mengenai perihal pengupahan buruh bersama Dinas Ketenagakerjaan Kota Tangerang Bidang Hubungan Industrial. Dalam meneliti isu sweatshop di Indonesia ini, penulis memilih untuk menggunakan teori marxisme sebagai landasan teori penulis dalam menjelaskan fenomena sweatshop yang dilakukan oleh MNCs, karena menurut penulis teori yang paling memadai untuk mengkritisi isu eksploitasi sejauh ini adalah teori yang dikemukakan oleh Karl Marx ini. Dari hasil penelitian, dapat dilihat bentuk-bentuk fenomena sweatshop yang terjadi di Indonesia, posisi tawar Pemerintah terhadap MNCs atas hubungan kerja sama ekonomi, peran Pemerintah yang harusnya menjadi harapan utama para pekerja kelas bawah untuk dapat melindungi hak-hak buruh tetapi seringkali tidak memerankan posisinya sebagaimana mestinya sehingga eksploitasi buruh kerap terus berulang, serta melihat pula peran NGOs atas fenomena sweatshop di Indonesia.

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