Spasthika, Anindhita Byakta (2024) Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Puskesmas Pagedangan, Tangerang tahun 2023-2024. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan.
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Abstract
Latar Belakang: Stunting merupakan gangguan pertumbuhan karena malnutrisi yang terjadi pada anak-anak berusia dibawah lima tahun. Permasalahan stunting masih terdapat di beberapa wilayah berkembang di Indonesia. Kejadian stunting berpengaruh pada kejadian kesakitan dan kematian, perkembangan kognitif tidak optimal, serta perkembangan motorik dan verbal yang kurang optimal. Asupan gizi anak, penyakit infeksi, pendidikan orang tua, status sosial ekonomi, pemberian ASI/MP-ASI, serta status imunisasi adalah beberapa faktor yang memengaruhi stunting. Kecamatan Pagedangan merupakan daerah yang berada di tengah perbatasan wilayah lain yang lebih maju. Akan tetapi, anak yang malnutrisi masih banyak sehingga masih banyak balita stunting di Kecamatan Pagedangan dan masih menjadi pergumulan sampai sekarang.
Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kejadian stunting pada balita di Puskesmas Pagedangan sehingga dapat memperbaiki gizi dan mencegah stunting di Puskesmas Pagedangan.
Hipotesis: Terdapat hubungan antara pemberian ASI eksklusif, berat badan lahir rendah, penyakit infeksi berulang, pendidikan ibu, dan status sosial ekonomi keluarga dengan status gizi tinggi badan menurut umur pada balita stunting di
Puskesmas Pagedangan, Tangerang tahun 2023-2024.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 54 dari tahun 2023-2024 dengan pengambilan sampel secara non probabilitas. Pengambilan data menggunakan hasil wawancara dan rekam medis
pasien di Puskesmas Pagedangan. Data dianalisa menggunakan uji statistik chi square dan menggunakan SPSS 27.
Hasil: Gambaran status gizi balita stunting adalah 40,7% sangat pendek (severely stunted) dan 59,3% balita pendek (stunted). BBLR sebesar 27,8% sedangkan yang normal 72,2%. Balita yang tidak diberikan ASI eksklusif sebesar 63% dan yang
ASI eksklusif sebesar 37%. Balita stunting mempunyai riwayat penyakit infeksi berulang sebesar 59,3% sedangkan yang tidak sakit 40,7%. Mayoritas pendidikan ibu tingkat rendah sebesar 57,4% dan menengah 40,7%, sisanya yang perguruan tinggi. Pendapatan orang tua paling dominan adalah sedang, yaitu sebesar 75,9%. Pada hasil analisis bivariat faktor dihubungkan dengan status gizi pendek dan sangat pendek. Hubungan berat badan lahir, pemberian ASI eksklusif, penyakit infeksi, dan status ekonomi keluarga sebesar P > 0,05 sedangkan pendidikan ibu P value < 0,05.
Kesimpulan: Pada analisis bivariat, faktor pendidikan ibu signifikan berpengaruh terhadap stunted.
Kata kunci: Stunting pada balita, antropometri, ASI, MP-ASI, asupan energi, asupan protein, BBLR, status penyakit infeksi berulang, pendidikan orang tua, status sosial ekonomi keluarga, Puskesmas Pagedangan.
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Background: Stunting is a growth disorder due to malnutrition that occurs in children under five years of age. The problem of stunting still exists in several developing regions in Indonesia. The incidence of stunting influences the incidence of morbidity and death, suboptimal cognitive development, and suboptimal motor and verbal development. Children's nutritional intake, infectious diseases, parental education, socio-economic status, breastfeeding/MP-ASI, and immunization status are several factors that influence stunting. Pagedangan District is an area in the middle of the border of other more developed regions. However, there are still many malnourished children, so there are still many stunted toddlers in Pagedangan District and this is still a struggle to this day.
Research Objectives: This research was conducted to determine the factors that influence the incidence of stunting among toddlers in Pagedangan District so that they can improve nutrition and prevent stunting in Puskesmas Pagedangan.
Hypothesis: There is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding, low birth weight, recurrent infectious diseases, maternal education, and family socioeconomic status with the nutritional status of height according to age in stunted toddlers at the Puskesmas Pagedangan, Tangerang in 2023-2024.
Method: This research uses a cross-sectional study design with a sample size of 54 from 2023-2024 with non-probability sampling. Data collection used interview results and patient medical records at the Pagedangan Community Health Center. Data were analyzed using the chi-square statistical test and using SPSS 27.
Results: The nutritional status of stunted toddlers is 40.7% very stunted and 59.3% stunted toddlers. LBW is 27.8% while normal is 72.2%. 63% of toddlers are not exclusively breastfed and 37% are exclusively breastfed. Stunted toddlers have a history of recurrent infectious diseases, 59.3%, while 40.7% of those who are not sick have a history of recurrent infectious diseases. The majority of mothers' education was low level at 57.4% and middle level 40.7%, the rest were tertiary level. The dominant parent's income is medium, namely 75.9%. In the results of the bivariate analysis, factors were associated with short and very short nutritional status. The relationship between birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, infectious diseases and family economic status is P > 0.05, while maternal education is P value < 0.05.
Conclusion: In the bivariate analysis, maternal education had a significant effect
on stunting.
Key words: Stunting in toddlers, anthropometry, breast milk, MP-ASI, energy intake, protein intake, LBW, recurrent infectious disease status, parental education, family socio-economic status, Puskesmas Pagedangan.
Item Type: | Thesis (Bachelor) |
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Creators: | Creators NIM Email ORCID Spasthika, Anindhita Byakta 01071210219 01071210219@student.uph.edu UNSPECIFIED |
Contributors: | Contribution Contributors NIDN/NIDK Email Thesis advisor Agustina, Flora UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | Stunting pada balita; antropometri; ASI; MP-ASI; asupan energi; asupan protein; BBLR; status penyakit infeksi berulang; pendidikan orang tua; status sosial ekonomi keluarga; Puskesmas Pagedangan |
Subjects: | R Medicine > R Medicine (General) |
Divisions: | University Subject > Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Medicine > Medicine Current > Faculty/School - UPH Karawaci > Faculty of Medicine > Medicine |
Depositing User: | ANINDHITA BYAKTA SPASTHIKA |
Date Deposited: | 04 Dec 2024 06:51 |
Last Modified: | 04 Dec 2024 06:51 |
URI: | http://repository.uph.edu/id/eprint/65668 |